{"id":1006,"date":"2026-06-02T08:04:33","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T08:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/?p=1006"},"modified":"2026-06-02T08:04:33","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T08:04:33","slug":"bermudagrass-hay-production-baling-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/bermudagrass-hay-production-baling-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Bermuda \u00c7imi Saman\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve Balyalama K\u0131lavuzu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
G\u00fcney ABD'de S\u0131cak Mevsimde Saman \u00dcretimi<\/span><\/p>\n

Bermuda \u00c7imi Saman\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve Balyalama K\u0131lavuzu<\/h1>\n

Bermuda otu, ABD'nin g\u00fcneyinde y\u0131lda yedi bi\u00e7ime kadar d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 4-8 ton verim sa\u011flar; ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir hasat i\u00e7in teknik olarak en zorlu s\u0131cak mevsim saman bitkisidir. \u0130nce saplar d\u00fczensiz kurur, kalitesi kuzeydeki bitkilere g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer ve balyalama aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 yonca veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re daha dard\u0131r. Bu k\u0131lavuz, \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi, bi\u00e7im aral\u0131klar\u0131, kurutma y\u00f6netimi, balya makinesi ayarlar\u0131, azot g\u00fcbrelemesi ve \u00fcretimi y\u00fcksek gelire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren piyasa kararlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fit Se\u00e7imiyle Ba\u015flay\u0131n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bermuda \u00e7imi saman\u0131 neden farkl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 gerektiriyor?<\/h2>\n

Yonca veya serin iklim otu saman\u0131 konusunda deneyimli olan ve daha sonra bermudagrass'a ge\u00e7i\u015f yapan \u00fcreticiler, bi\u00e7me zamanlamas\u0131 ve kurutma y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131ndaki mevcut i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclerinin bu \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in k\u0131smen yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00e7abucak ke\u015ffederler. Bermudagrass, kuzeydeki herhangi bir saman bitkisinden temelde farkl\u0131 bir fizyolojiye ve farkl\u0131 bir kalite bozulma e\u011frisine sahiptir ve \u00fcretim sistemi, Kentucky veya Orta Bat\u0131'da i\u015fe yarayan \u015feylere g\u00f6re de\u011fil, bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klara g\u00f6re kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Sezon ba\u015f\u0131na 4-7 kesim<\/div>\n
K\u00f6rfez K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ve G\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinde tam sezon y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bi\u00e7me s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; bu da daha fazla gelir f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunar ancak kuzeydeki ot bi\u00e7me sistemlerine k\u0131yasla toplam y\u00f6netim karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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28\u201335 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu hibrit bermudagrass \u00e7e\u015fidi i\u00e7in en uygun bi\u00e7me aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: Daha k\u0131sa aral\u0131klar, kaliteyi anlaml\u0131 \u015fekilde iyile\u015ftirmeden verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; daha uzun aral\u0131klar ise ham proteini karl\u0131 e\u015fiklerin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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50\u2013150 lbs N<\/div>\n
Verimli hibrit bermudagrass i\u00e7in her bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na gereken azot miktar\u0131 \u2014 bu bitki azot konusunda olduk\u00e7a talepkard\u0131r ve her bi\u00e7im d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeterli g\u00fcbreleme olmadan \u00fcst\u00fcn kalite veya verim elde edemez.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bermuda \u00e7imini farkl\u0131 k\u0131lan nedir?<\/div>\n

Bermuda otu, C4 tipi s\u0131cak mevsim otudur; bu da C3 tipi so\u011fuk mevsim otlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir fotosentez yolu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, ona \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek su kullan\u0131m verimlili\u011fi ve \u0131s\u0131 tolerans\u0131 sa\u011flar, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda e\u015fde\u011fer a\u015famadaki yonca veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek lif oran\u0131na ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sindirilebilirli\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. H\u00fccre duvar\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131, e\u015fde\u011fer olgunluk a\u015famalar\u0131nda daha fazla ligninle\u015fmi\u015ftir; bu nedenle bermuda otunun NDF de\u011ferleri (55\u201372%), yoncan\u0131nkinden (38\u201350%) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu lif seviyesi bir kalite hatas\u0131 de\u011fil, t\u00fcr\u00fcn do\u011fal bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir; ancak bermuda otu saman\u0131n\u0131n besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yoncadan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve buna g\u00f6re pazarlanmas\u0131 ve fiyatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kalite-olgunluk bozulma e\u011frisi<\/div>\n

Bermuda \u00e7iminin kalitesi, olgunla\u015fmayla birlikte, \u00e7o\u011fu serin iklim \u00e7iminden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde (y\u00fczde olarak) d\u00fc\u015fer ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f do\u011frusal de\u011fildir. 28 g\u00fcnde kabul edilebilir saman verimi sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7im, 42 g\u00fcnde ham protein (CP) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan %2-3 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan %8-12 daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler g\u00f6sterebilir. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i\u00e7in bu fark yine de kabul edilebilir saman \u00fcretebilir. At ve s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ise bu fark, eri\u015febilece\u011finiz pazar\u0131 ve talep edebilece\u011finiz fiyat\u0131 belirleyen kalite e\u015fiklerini a\u015far. Deneme ve test yoluyla, belirli \u00e7e\u015fidinizin ve yeti\u015ftirme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bu e\u011fride nerede yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, genel bir bi\u00e7me aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131lavuzunu takip etmekten daha de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bermuda \u00c7imi \u00c7e\u015fitleri: Hangileri \u0130yi Yeti\u015fir, Hangilerinden Y\u00fcksek Verim Al\u0131n\u0131r ve Hangileri Testlerde \u0130yi Sonu\u00e7 Verir?<\/h2>\n

\"Bi\u00e7me<\/p>\n

Bermuda \u00e7imi \u00e7e\u015fidi se\u00e7imi, verim potansiyelinizi, kalite s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel adaptasyonunuzu belirleyen \u00fcretim karar\u0131d\u0131r ve yeniden ekim yap\u0131lmadan geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez. Ticari bermuda \u00e7imi \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, tohumdan ziyade fidelerden yeti\u015ftirilen steril hibritlerdir; bu da ekim yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir (fide dikim maliyetleri i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na $150\u2013$300 art\u0131 ekim y\u0131l\u0131nda azot i\u00e7in $80\u2013$150) ve \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi 10-15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir taahh\u00fctt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7e\u015fitlilik<\/th>\nVerim (ton\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm)<\/th>\n28. g\u00fcnde CP<\/th>\nEn iyi kullan\u0131m<\/th>\nKuruma h\u0131z\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tifton 85<\/td>\n5\u20138<\/td>\n11\u201314%<\/td>\nS\u00fct \u00e7iftli\u011fi, besi \u00e7iftli\u011fi, at<\/td>\nIl\u0131man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0131y\u0131<\/td>\n4\u20136<\/td>\n8\u201312%<\/td>\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131r-buza\u011f\u0131, besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131<\/td>\nH\u0131zl\u0131 (ince sapl\u0131)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jiggs<\/td>\n4\u20137<\/td>\n10\u201314%<\/td>\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, atlar \u2014 kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131<\/td>\nH\u0131zl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alicia<\/td>\n3\u20135<\/td>\n9\u201312%<\/td>\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar \u2014 so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131, G\u00fcneyin \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131<\/td>\nH\u0131zl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yayg\u0131n Bermuda \u00e7imi (tohumlu)<\/td>\n2\u20134<\/td>\n7\u201310%<\/td>\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck girdili s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi<\/td>\n\u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Tifton 85 - Coastal:<\/strong> Tifton 85, \u00e7o\u011fu denemede Coastal'dan 20-401 TP5T daha fazla verim sa\u011flar ve e\u015fde\u011fer bi\u00e7me aral\u0131klar\u0131nda belirgin \u015fekilde daha y\u00fcksek sindirilebilirlik ve ham protein (CP) i\u00e7eren saman \u00fcretir; verimlilik ve nem tam potansiyelini destekledi\u011finde tercih edilen \u00e7e\u015fittir. Coastal, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck girdi gereksinimleri ve \u00fcst\u00fcn kurakl\u0131k tolerans\u0131 nedeniyle G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da bask\u0131n saman \u00e7e\u015fidi olmaya devam etmektedir ve bu da onu de\u011fi\u015fken b\u00fcy\u00fcme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda daha affedici k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Premium s\u00fct veya at pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Tifton 85, daha y\u00fcksek y\u00f6netim yo\u011funlu\u011funu hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricilerine veya emtia s\u0131\u011f\u0131r pazarlar\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f yapan i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Coastal'\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimlilik gereksinimi genellikle daha iyi genel ekonomik sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bermuda \u00e7imi \u00fcretiminde bi\u00e7me aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kalite-verim dengesi<\/h2>\n

Hi\u00e7bir \u00fcretim karar\u0131, bermudagrass saman\u0131n\u0131n kalitesi \u00fczerinde bi\u00e7im aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazla etkiye sahip de\u011fildir ve kalite ile verim aras\u0131ndaki denge, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok saman bitkisine g\u00f6re bermudagrass'ta daha keskindir. Daha k\u0131sa aral\u0131klar daha y\u00fcksek ham protein (CP) ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) de\u011ferleri \u00fcretir, ancak toplam mevsimlik verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc strese sokabilir. Daha uzun aral\u0131klar d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na daha fazla ton \u00fcretir, ancak kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini premium pazar e\u015fiklerinin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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21 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
Agresif aral\u0131klar \u2014 y\u00fcksek verimli, sulama yap\u0131lan ko\u015fullarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ham protein (CP) 14\u201316%'ye ula\u015fabilir, ancak verim 35 g\u00fcnl\u00fck aral\u0131klara g\u00f6re 25\u201335% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tekrarlanan k\u0131sa aral\u0131klarla a\u011fa\u00e7 stresi riski y\u00fcksektir. Balya ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek getiri sa\u011flayan \u00f6zel at yemi i\u015fletmeleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ekonomik olarak nadiren hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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28 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
Premium piyasalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen aral\u0131k.<\/strong> Tifton 85: CP 11\u201314%, NDF 55\u201362%, ADF 32\u201338%. Coastal: CP 9\u201312%, NDF 58\u201366%, ADF 34\u201342%. Bi\u00e7imler aras\u0131nda yeterli k\u00f6k karbonhidrat iyile\u015fmesi, birden fazla sezon boyunca bitki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korur. Bu aral\u0131k, s\u00fct ve at yemi kalitesinde bermudagrass saman\u0131 i\u00e7in temel de\u011ferdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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35 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
Standart s\u0131\u011f\u0131r saman\u0131 t\u00fcketim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/strong> Bi\u00e7im ba\u015f\u0131na maksimum verim \u2014 28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck aral\u0131klara g\u00f6re 15\u2013251 TP5T daha fazla ton. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r-dana ve besi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in kalite d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul edilebilir. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitte ham protein (CP) 8\u2013111 TP5T aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferken, n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) 62\u2013721 TP5T'ye y\u00fckselir. Bu aral\u0131kta bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn toparlanmas\u0131 m\u00fckemmeldir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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42+ g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u2014 saplar odunsu ve sert hale gelir, sindirilebilirlik \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fer, yayg\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlerde tohum ba\u015flar\u0131 olu\u015fur. Ham protein (CP) 6\u20139%, n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) 68\u201378%'dir. Bu aral\u0131kta \u00fcretilen saman, \u00e7o\u011fu ticari al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmeyecek ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli s\u0131\u011f\u0131r pazar\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in bile \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde indirim gerektirecektir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kalmak:<\/strong> En y\u00fcksek kaliteyi sa\u011flayan bi\u00e7me aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 (21-28 g\u00fcn), ayn\u0131 zamanda bi\u00e7meler aras\u0131ndaki k\u00f6k karbonhidrat depolama s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltarak Bermuda \u00e7imi tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 da strese sokar. Sezon boyunca \u00e7ok s\u0131k ve \u00e7ok fazla bi\u00e7ilen tarlalarda 3-5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde seyrelme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sezon ba\u015f\u0131na bir bi\u00e7me i\u015flemini (genellikle y\u0131l\u0131n sonuncusu) 42-45 g\u00fcne kayd\u0131rmak, tarlan\u0131n k\u0131\u015f uykusundan \u00f6nce k\u00f6k karbonhidratlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yenilemesini sa\u011flar ve tarlan\u0131n verimli \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uzat\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6zellikle Coastal'dan daha az k\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan ve ilk donmadan \u00f6nce daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminden fayda sa\u011flayan Tifton 85 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bermuda \u00c7imi Kurutulmas\u0131: \u00dcretimdeki En Zorlu A\u015fama<\/h2>\n

\"Yuvarlak<\/p>\n

Bermuda otu, paradoksal olarak en h\u0131zl\u0131 kuruyan ve en s\u0131k yanl\u0131\u015f nem seviyesinde balyalanan bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130nce saplar\u0131 d\u0131\u015ftan \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 kurur; s\u0131cak havalarda bi\u00e7ildikten sonra 24 saat i\u00e7inde saman y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 1 TP5T nem seviyesine ula\u015fabilirken, saman y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 -251 TP5T nem seviyesinde kal\u0131r. D\u0131\u015ftan i\u00e7e g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kuruyan bu durum, saman balyalanmaya haz\u0131r gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine neden olurken, asl\u0131nda i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdaki nem seviyesi 3-5 g\u00fcn depolama s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde balyada \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00fcf olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Bermuda \u00e7imi balyalama i\u00e7in hedef nem aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/div>\n

Koruyucu madde i\u00e7ermeyen yuvarlak balyalar i\u00e7in: Balya boyunca 12\u201316% nem oran\u0131. Kritik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm, d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey de\u011fil, balyan\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r; y\u00fczey okuyucu yerine balya \u00e7ekirde\u011fini okuyan prob tipi bir nem \u00f6l\u00e7er kullan\u0131n. \u00c7ekirdekte 14% hedefleyin ve genellikle d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mda 11\u201312% nem oran\u0131 elde edersiniz ki bu, bermuda otu i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir bir de\u011ferdir. Bermuda otunda 18%'nin \u00fczerinde \u00e7ekirdek nem oran\u0131yla balyalama, bermuda otunun do\u011fal olarak daha y\u00fcksek art\u0131k \u015feker i\u00e7eri\u011fi nedeniyle k\u00fcf olu\u015fumunu besledi\u011fi i\u00e7in yonca otuna g\u00f6re daha \u015fiddetli k\u00fcflenmeye neden olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n balyalama i\u00e7in dar bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaratmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri<\/div>\n

En s\u0131cak yaz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u2014 95\u00b0F s\u0131cakl\u0131k, 30% ba\u011f\u0131l nem, tam g\u00fcne\u015f \u2014 Bermuda otu 3-4 saat i\u00e7inde balyalanmaya haz\u0131r halden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuru hale gelebilir. Sabah 8'de ideal g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ancak \u00f6\u011flen saatlerinde saman\u0131n nem oran\u0131 10%'nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen G\u00fcney eyaletlerindeki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler bunu bizzat deneyimlemi\u015ftir. Pratik y\u00f6netim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131: Kuruma s\u00fcresi tahminlerine g\u00fcvenmek yerine, a\u00e7\u0131k ve kuru g\u00fcnlerde sabah 7, 10 ve \u00f6\u011fleden sonra 1'de saman y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n nemini kontrol edin. \u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ekirdek nem oran\u0131 14-15%'ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda balyalay\u0131n ve a\u00e7\u0131k yaz \u00f6\u011fleden sonralar\u0131nda saman\u0131 bu noktadan sonra y\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Daha geni\u015f balyalama aral\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in propiyonik asit koruyucu:<\/strong> Balya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 0,5\u20131,01 TP5T'si oran\u0131nda propiyonik asit veya tamponlanm\u0131\u015f propiyonik asit uygulanmas\u0131, bermudagrass'\u0131n k\u00fcf olu\u015fumu olmadan 18\u2013221 TP5T nem seviyesinde balyalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, \u00f6zellikle ak\u015fam ge\u00e7 saatlerde yap\u0131lan bi\u00e7imler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir; aksi takdirde 141 TP5T nem seviyesine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ertesi \u00f6\u011fleden sonraya kadar beklemek gerekecek ve kuruma s\u00fcrecini s\u0131f\u0131rlayan \u00f6\u011fleden sonraki f\u0131rt\u0131nalar riskini ortadan kald\u0131racakt\u0131r. Maliyet (\u00f6nerilen uygulama oranlar\u0131nda balya ba\u015f\u0131na 1 TP6T3\u20131 TP6T8), her bi\u00e7im d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 riskini ortadan kald\u0131rarak kolayca kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Bermuda \u00c7imi Yayma: Bu Bitki \u0130\u00e7in Yayma Makinesi Neden \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 De\u011fildir?<\/h2>\n

\"Bermuda<\/p>\n

Do\u011frudan dar bir s\u0131ra halinde bi\u00e7ilip b\u0131rak\u0131lan Bermuda otu, nemli G\u00fcney ko\u015fullar\u0131nda balyalama nemine ula\u015fmas\u0131 36-72 saat s\u00fcrebilen yo\u011fun, ke\u00e7ele\u015fmi\u015f bir tabaka olu\u015fturur; bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 riski artar ve yaprak rengi UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kalma nedeniyle solmaya ba\u015flar. D\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey kurumadan ve ke\u00e7ele\u015fme sabitlenmeden \u00f6nce, bi\u00e7ildikten sonraki 2-4 saat i\u00e7inde t\u0131rm\u0131klama i\u015flemi, \u00e7o\u011fu G\u00fcney yaz ko\u015fulunda kuruma s\u00fcresini 18-36 saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. T\u0131rm\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f ve t\u0131rm\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f Bermuda otu saman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki kuruma s\u00fcresi fark\u0131, yonca saman\u0131na g\u00f6re orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bermuda otunun daha ince saplar\u0131 daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ke\u00e7ele\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Ne zaman ted<\/div>\n

Kesimden 1-3 saat sonra, kesilen malzeme hala esnekken ve y\u00fczey kurumaya ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015fken, yapraklar\u0131n havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Nemli ko\u015fullarda, kesimden 6-8 saat sonra ikinci bir havaland\u0131rma gerekebilir. D\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey 25%'nin alt\u0131na kuruduktan sonra havaland\u0131rma yapmay\u0131n; bu noktada malzeme k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r ve havaland\u0131rma, kuruma s\u00fcrecini iyile\u015ftirmek yerine yapraklar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Bermuda \u00e7imi i\u00e7in t\u0131rm\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131<\/div>\n

Yaprak kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in, t\u0131rm\u0131klama makinesini yonca i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan h\u0131zdan biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir h\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Bermuda otunun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve ince yaprak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131, yonca yaprak\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re mekanik s\u0131y\u0131rmaya daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131r. 45-55 mph (yonca i\u00e7in 55-65 mph'ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) t\u0131rm\u0131k ucu h\u0131z\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yaprak kayb\u0131 olmadan yeterli malzeme yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Kurutma makinesi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131: kurutma kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/div>\n

Florida \u00dcniversitesi ve Georgia Tar\u0131m Uzatma Program\u0131'n\u0131n kontroll\u00fc denemelerinde, tek s\u0131ra halinde bi\u00e7ilen Bermuda \u00e7imi, e\u015fde\u011fer hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda y\u00f6netilmeyen s\u0131ralara g\u00f6re 8-14 saat daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde 1 TP5T nem seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131. 30 bi\u00e7me g\u00fcn\u00fc takviminde, bu 8 saatlik azalma, hava olaylar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan sezon ba\u015f\u0131na 1-2 ek bi\u00e7ime kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir ve bu da verim ve kalite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir fayda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ot toplama makinesinin t\u00fcm kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzu \u2014 zamanlama, h\u0131z ayarlar\u0131, ot bi\u00e7me geni\u015fli\u011fi y\u00f6netimi ve kuru ko\u015fullarda ot toplama i\u015fleminin ne zaman atlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi dahil \u2014 \u015furada yer almaktad\u0131r: saman kurutma makinesinin eksiksiz k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, balyalama \u00f6ncesinde bermudagrass i\u00e7in s\u0131ra olu\u015fturma ve t\u0131rm\u0131klama tekni\u011fi ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Saman toplama teknikleri ve s\u0131ra olu\u015fturma k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Bermuda otu i\u00e7in balya makinesi ayarlar\u0131: Kuzeydeki saman mahsullerine g\u00f6re ne gibi de\u011fi\u015fiklikler var?<\/h2>\n

Bermuda otu, yonca veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otundan farkl\u0131 bir yo\u011funlukta balyalan\u0131r ve balyalama odas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. \u0130nce, birbirine kenetlenen saplar\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra balya olarak iyi bir \u015fekilde bir arada duran daha b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir tabaka olu\u015fturur; ancak bu ayn\u0131 zamanda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200byo\u011funlu\u011funun kritik oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bermuda otunda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yoncaya g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bermuda otu \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7ildi\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 balyalama ayar\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Yo\u011funluk yay ayar\u0131<\/div>\n
E\u015fde\u011fer nem oran\u0131nda yonca i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayardan 10\u201315% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluk yay gerilimi uygulay\u0131n. Bermuda otu, ayn\u0131 yay geriliminde yoncaya g\u00f6re birim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na daha yo\u011fun bir balya olu\u015fturur; yonca yo\u011funluk ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 bermuda otunda kullanmak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 PTO torku gerektiren ve kay\u0131\u015f ve silindir a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f balyalar \u00fcretir. Standart s\u0131\u011f\u0131r bermuda otu saman\u0131 i\u00e7in metrek\u00fcp ba\u015f\u0131na 10\u201311 lbs; ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda balya b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu at kalitesinde saman i\u00e7in metrek\u00fcp ba\u015f\u0131na 11\u201312 lbs hedefleyin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
H\u0131zlanma<\/div>\n
Yo\u011fun ot y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131nda zemin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131n \u2014 verimli Tifton 85 veya Jiggs \u00e7imlerinden toplanan bermudagrass, \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun ot y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 olu\u015fturabilir ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 girildi\u011finde toplama t\u0131rm\u0131k sistemini a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckleyebilir. Yeni bir ot y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na 3-4 mil\/saat h\u0131zla girin ve hazne dolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131z\u0131 5-6 mil\/saate \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Bermudagrass'\u0131n ince saplar\u0131, yonca saplar\u0131ndan daha kolay bir \u015fekilde toplama sisteminden ge\u00e7er, ancak ot y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011fu, h\u0131z y\u00f6netimi gerektiren bir hacim-ayak ba\u015f\u0131na zorluk yarat\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
A\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7imi<\/div>\n
\u00d6zellikle nemli depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, bermudagrass balyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in sicim yerine a\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Sicimle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bermudagrass balyalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f katmandan nemi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, balya y\u00fczeyinin sicimin a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli miktarda nem s\u0131zmas\u0131na izin verir. A\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131 daha iyi d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey korumas\u0131 sa\u011flar ve \u00f6zellikle yemleme \u00f6ncesinde balyalar\u0131n birden fazla kez ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan \u00e7iftliklerine sat\u0131\u015fta s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen tekrarlanan i\u015flemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda balya \u015feklini korur. A\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f katman kuru madde kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131, genellikle ilk depolama sezonunda sicime g\u00f6re maliyet fark\u0131ndan daha fazla tasarruf sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00dcr\u00fcnlerimize g\u00f6z at\u0131n. s\u0131cak mevsim saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in yuvarlak balya makineleri<\/a> Yo\u011funluk kontrol sistemlerini ve bermudagrass balyalama hacmine uygun hazne boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in. Y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu bermudagrass balyalama i\u00e7in PTO \u015faft tork y\u00f6netimi ve di\u015fli kutusu \u00f6zellikleri de mevcuttur. tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man ve PTO tahrik sistemi bile\u015fenlerinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

G\u00fcbre Y\u00f6netimi: Bermuda \u00c7imi Verimini Etkileyen Azot Program\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bermuda otu, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilen en y\u00fcksek azot duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip yem bitkisidir. Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fcme k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 (nem, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, potasyum) tepkiyi s\u0131n\u0131rlayana kadar uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z her bir pound azotu kullanacakt\u0131r. Her bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 50 lb azot ile y\u00f6netilen bir Tifton 85 tarlas\u0131, bi\u00e7imde 1,2-1,5 ton verim verebilir. Yeterli nem alt\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 tarla her bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 100 lb azot ile y\u00f6netildi\u011finde, bi\u00e7imde 1,8-2,2 ton verim verebilir; bu da yaln\u0131zca azottan kaynaklanan 40-501 TP5T'lik bir verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

\n
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Temel azot program\u0131 (kurak alanlar)<\/div>\n

Her bi\u00e7imden sonraki 1-3 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 50-65 lb saf azot uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu zamanlama, bitki aktif olarak yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve uygulanan azotu hemen kullanabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in al\u0131m verimlili\u011fini en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Bi\u00e7imden \u00f6nce azot uygulamay\u0131n; bu, yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi de\u011fil, kesilen materyali besler. Toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k uygulama: 4-5 bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 200-325 lb azot.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Y\u00fcksek azot girdisi program\u0131 (sulama)<\/div>\n

Sulama alt\u0131nda, her bi\u00e7imde d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 80-120 lb saf azot. Kurak alanlarda tam azot yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen nem s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131, sulama ile ortadan kalkar ve bitkinin daha y\u00fcksek azot oranlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f uygulama - bi\u00e7imden hemen sonra 50 lb ve 10-12 g\u00fcn sonra 40-60 lb - bitkinin emebilmesinden \u00f6nce tek seferde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygulaman\u0131n y\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olabilecek yo\u011fun yaz ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Potasyum ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt<\/div>\n

Bermuda \u00e7imi potasyumu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketen bir bitkidir; toprakta potasyum seviyesi y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funda fizyolojik olarak ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fundan daha fazla potasyum emer, bu da uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan potasyum ile yerine konulan potasyum aras\u0131nda dengesizlik yarat\u0131r. Toprak testini 2 y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131n ve samanla uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan potasyumu, uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan her ton saman i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 25-30 lb K2O oran\u0131nda yerine koyun. Y\u0131ll\u0131k 10-15 lb\/acre k\u00fck\u00fcrt, ham protein d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm verimlili\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'daki kumlu topraklarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla yetersizdir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Bermuda \u00c7imi Saman\u0131 Kalite Spesifikasyonlar\u0131 ve Pazarlama Kanallar\u0131<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kalite seviyesi<\/th>\nCP hedefi<\/th>\nNDF hedefi<\/th>\nADF hedefi<\/th>\nHedef pazar<\/th>\nTon ba\u015f\u0131na fiyat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Supreme (28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck, Tifton 85)<\/td>\n13\u201316%<\/td>\n52\u201360%<\/td>\n30\u201336%<\/td>\nS\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, atlar, besi \u00e7iftli\u011fi<\/td>\n$175\u2013$240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Premium (28\u201335 g\u00fcn, K\u0131y\u0131\/Jiggs)<\/td>\n10\u201313%<\/td>\n58\u201366%<\/td>\n34\u201340%<\/td>\nBesi s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131, atlar<\/td>\n$130\u2013$175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130yi (35 g\u00fcnl\u00fck, K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi, her \u00e7e\u015fit)<\/td>\n8\u201311%<\/td>\n62\u201372%<\/td>\n38\u201346%<\/td>\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131r-buza\u011f\u0131, etlik s\u0131\u011f\u0131r<\/td>\n$80\u2013$130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Bermuda \u00e7imi ihracat pazar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6zellikle 28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck aral\u0131klarla hasat edilen ve ham protein (CP) de\u011feri 13%'nin \u00fczerinde olan Tifton 85 \u00e7e\u015fidi gibi, y\u00fcksek kaliteli ve belgelenmi\u015f Bermuda \u00e7imi saman\u0131, K\u00f6rfez K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 limanlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla aktif bir ihracat pazar\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. Saman ihracat al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle USDA bitki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetimi, belirli balya boyutuna uygunluk (uluslararas\u0131 alanda en \u00e7ok tercih edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck kare balyalar olsa da, baz\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck yuvarlak balyalar\u0131 da kabul etmektedir) ve pestisit uygulama kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n belgelenmesini talep etmektedir. \u0130\u015fletmeniz K\u00f6rfez K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 liman\u0131na 150 mil mesafede ise ve belgelenmi\u015f y\u00fcksek kaliteli Bermuda \u00e7imi \u00fcretiyorsan\u0131z, ihracat saman\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 ileti\u015fim programlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in eyalet tar\u0131m bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n emtia pazarlama b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in; sertifikal\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaliteli Bermuda \u00e7imi i\u00e7in ihracat fiyatlar\u0131 liman teslimi (FOB) olarak $220\u2013$280\/ton'a ula\u015fabilir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Mevsimsel Planlama: Bermuda \u00c7iminin T\u00fcm \u00dcretim Sezonu Boyunca Y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nin g\u00fcneyindeki bir Bermuda otu saman i\u015fletmesi Nisan'dan Ekim'e kadar s\u00fcrebilir; bu da verimli alanlarda 5-6 bi\u00e7im i\u00e7eren 7 ayl\u0131k bir \u00fcretim penceresi anlam\u0131na gelir. Her bi\u00e7ime ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tepki vermek yerine, sezonu \u00f6nceden planlamak hem ekonomik hem de alan y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar verir.<\/p>\n

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Nisan \/ Kesim 1<\/div>\n

Bermuda otu 4-6 in\u00e7 boyundayken ilk bi\u00e7im yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kalite sezonun en y\u00fcksek seviyesindedir ancak verim en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. At \u00e7iftli\u011fi\/s\u00fct \u00e7iftli\u011fi pazarlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. Bi\u00e7imden hemen sonra ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bg\u00fcbresi (N) uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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May\u0131s\u2013Haziran \/ \u00c7elikler 2\u20133<\/div>\n

En y\u00fcksek kalitede \u00e7elikler \u2014 tamamen aktif halde, azot tepkisi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, yaz neminin zirve yapmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kuruma ko\u015fullar\u0131 iyi. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in hedef kitlemiz \u00fcst d\u00fczey pazar al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Temmuz\u2013A\u011fustos \/ \u00c7elikler 4\u20135<\/div>\n

En y\u00fcksek verim d\u00f6nemi ancak en zorlu kurutma ko\u015fullar\u0131. \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem, ot temizleme ve dikkatli nem takibi gerektirir. Verimli alanlarda 28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bi\u00e7im aral\u0131klar\u0131yla kalite y\u00fcksek kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Eyl\u00fcl-Ekim \/ Son kesim<\/div>\n

K\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in k\u00f6k karbonhidrat rezervlerini olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla, beklenen ilk don tarihinden \u00f6nce 42-50 g\u00fcnl\u00fck son b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcresi tan\u0131y\u0131n. Beklenen don tarihinden 4 hafta \u00f6ncesine kadar bi\u00e7me i\u015flemi yapmay\u0131n. Bu son dinlenme d\u00f6nemi, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"yem<\/p>\n

Bermuda \u00c7imi Saman\u0131 \u00dcretimi Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
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\n\u00c7im fideleri yerine tohumdan bermudagrass yeti\u015ftirebilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Yayg\u0131n bermudagrass \u00e7e\u015fitleri (Princess 77, Sahara ve Giant gibi) tohum olarak mevcuttur ve ekim yoluyla yeti\u015ftirilebilir. Tohumla ekilen \u00e7e\u015fitler, Tifton 85 veya Coastal gibi hibrit fide \u00e7e\u015fitlerine g\u00f6re genellikle daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim (d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 2-4 ton) \u00fcretirken, ekim maliyetleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr (tohum i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na $30-$60, fide i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na $150-$300). Emtia fiyatlar\u0131ndan s\u0131\u011f\u0131r saman\u0131 pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in, tohumla ekilen yayg\u0131n bermudagrass uygun maliyetli bir ekim stratejisi olabilir. D\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na verim ve kalite \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu premium s\u00fct, at veya ihracat pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in, hibrit fide \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin daha y\u00fcksek verim ve kalite tavan\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek ekim yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r; d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na ek gelir, genellikle \u00fcretimden sonraki 2-3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde maliyet fark\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nBermuda \u00e7imi tarlalar\u0131nda geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n rekabetiyle nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilirim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Bermuda \u00e7iminin agresif rekabet\u00e7i yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7im tamamen yerle\u015ftikten sonra (genellikle ikinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131lda) yabanc\u0131 ot istilas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 do\u011fal olarak diren\u00e7li olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Yerle\u015fmenin erken d\u00f6nemlerinde (1. y\u0131l), geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar \u00f6nemli bir rekabet olu\u015fturabilir. Yerle\u015fmi\u015f bermuda \u00e7iminde kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in etiketlenmi\u015f se\u00e7ici geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 ot ila\u00e7lar\u0131 (metsulfuron-metil, triklopir, dikamba), \u00e7ime zarar vermeden en yayg\u0131n geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131 kontrol eder. Bermuda \u00e7imi aktif olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcrken (kurakl\u0131k stresi veya uyku d\u00f6neminde de\u011fil) ve yabanc\u0131 otlar erken b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u015famalar\u0131ndayken uygulay\u0131n. Yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6steren yerle\u015fmi\u015f alanlarda, nedenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7me, hastal\u0131k veya toprak pH sorunlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan seyreltme olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin; yabanc\u0131 otlar genellikle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve yo\u011fun bermuda \u00e7imini istila etmek yerine seyrelmi\u015f alanlar\u0131 doldurur. Belirtileri tekrarlanan yabanc\u0131 ot ilac\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131yla tedavi etmek yerine, altta yatan nedeni d\u00fczeltin.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nBermuda \u00e7imi saman\u0131, laminitis veya EMS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan atlar i\u00e7in uygun mudur?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Bermuda otu, genellikle ins\u00fclin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi olan atlar i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcvenli s\u0131cak mevsim otlar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul edilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc so\u011fuk mevsim otlar\u0131na g\u00f6re do\u011fal olarak daha az fruktoz (bir t\u00fcr WSC) biriktirir. NSC de\u011feri tipik olarak 6-14% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r, oysa so\u011fuk mevsim otlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu de\u011fer 10-22% aras\u0131ndad\u0131r; bu da onu EMS ve laminitis e\u011filimli atlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha tutarl\u0131 hale getirir. Bununla birlikte, bermuda otunun NSC de\u011feri her zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fildir; erken bahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, kurakl\u0131k stresi alt\u0131ndaki materyal ve yo\u011fun g\u00fcbrelenmi\u015f alanlar, NSC'yi tipik seviyelerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Do\u011frulanan metabolik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 olan atlar i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle atipik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00fcretilen partilerden elde edilen bermuda otu, kullan\u0131mdan \u00f6nce NSC a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan test edilmelidir. Kullan\u0131lan saman t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, aktif laminitis veya \u015fiddetli ins\u00fclin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi olan atlar\u0131n beslenme y\u00f6netiminde her zaman bir veteriner beslenme uzman\u0131 yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nDepoda saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bermudagrass saman\u0131 neden h\u0131zla sarar\u0131yor?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Balya haline getirildikten sonra 30-60 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ye\u015filden sar\u0131ya d\u00f6nen Bermuda otu saman\u0131 neredeyse her zaman iki sorundan birini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: ya hedef nem seviyesinin biraz \u00fczerinde balyalanm\u0131\u015f ve balyada ilk kuruma s\u0131ras\u0131nda mikrobiyal aktiviteden kaynaklanan \u0131s\u0131 hasar\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\"ah\u0131r k\u00fcrleme\" etkisi), ya da a\u00e7\u0131k havada veya k\u0131smen \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir yerde depolanm\u0131\u015f ve d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131 UV \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na maruz kalmaktan dolay\u0131 a\u011farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 18% nem seviyesinin \u00fczerinde balyalamadan kaynaklanan \u0131s\u0131 hasar\u0131, karotenin (ye\u015fil renkten sorumlu pigment) h\u0131zla oksitlenmesine neden olur; ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sararma, deneyimli al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 hasar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 karamel veya pi\u015fmi\u015f saman kokusuyla birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u00e7\u0131k havada depolamadan kaynaklanan UV a\u011farmas\u0131, koku olmadan sararmaya neden olur, ancak \u00f6nemli karoten kayb\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir; bu da saman\u0131n hayvanlar i\u00e7in A vitamini de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek bir platform \u00fczerinde \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc depolama, UV a\u011farmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler; s\u0131k\u0131 balya nem y\u00f6netimi ise \u0131s\u0131 hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nBir Tifton 85 stand\u0131 ka\u00e7 y\u0131l dayan\u0131r?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\u0130yi bir y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda (yeterli g\u00fcbreleme, y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7 mevsim dinlenme d\u00f6nemi de dahil olmak \u00fczere uygun bi\u00e7me aral\u0131klar\u0131 ve 6,0 ile 6,5 aras\u0131nda tutulan toprak pH's\u0131) bir Tifton 85 a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan\u0131, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde seyreltme nedeniyle yenileme veya yeniden dikim gerektirmeden \u00f6nce genellikle 10-15 y\u0131l boyunca verimli kal\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131salmas\u0131na neden olan ba\u015fl\u0131ca fakt\u00f6rler \u015funlard\u0131r: yeterli sonbahar dinlenme d\u00f6nemi olmadan tekrarlanan k\u0131sa bi\u00e7me aral\u0131klar\u0131 (k\u00f6k karbonhidrat rezervlerini t\u00fcketir); marjinal so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde \u015fiddetli k\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fcmleri (Tifton 85, Coastal'dan daha az so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve 7a b\u00f6lgesinin \u00fczerinde k\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fcm riski vard\u0131r); \u0131slak ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda Helminthosporium yaprak lekesinden kaynaklanan hastal\u0131k bask\u0131s\u0131; ve a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan\u0131n\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltan a\u011f\u0131r ekipmanlardan kaynaklanan toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. G\u00fcney Georgia ve Orta Florida'da tutarl\u0131 g\u00fcbreleme programlar\u0131 ve uygun dinlenme d\u00f6nemleriyle y\u00f6netilen Tifton 85 a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alanlar\u0131 20 y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre boyunca verimli kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r - do\u011fru y\u00f6netime yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m, a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bile\u015fik getiri sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nBermuda \u00e7imi saman\u0131 silaj balyas\u0131 haline getirilebilir mi?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Evet, Bermuda otu balyas\u0131, \u00fcretim sezonunun baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde g\u00fcvenilir kurutma havas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu nemli G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da giderek daha pop\u00fcler hale geliyor. Bermuda otu balyas\u0131 tipik olarak -60 nem oran\u0131nda (kesimden sonra 4-12 saat boyunca soldurulmu\u015f) yap\u0131l\u0131r ve fermantasyon i\u00e7in gerekli anaerobik ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere hemen 6 veya daha fazla kat stre\u00e7 filmle sar\u0131l\u0131r. Fermantasyon s\u00fcreci, ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imden elde edilen tarlada kurutulmu\u015f samana g\u00f6re saman\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek besin de\u011ferinde korur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015ften solma, ya\u011fmur hasar\u0131 veya tarlada kurutma ve t\u0131rm\u0131klama nedeniyle yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi olmaz. Bermuda otu balyas\u0131, olgunlu\u011fa g\u00f6re do\u011fal olarak daha y\u00fcksek \u015feker i\u00e7eri\u011fi nedeniyle iyi fermente olma e\u011filimindedir; mevcut suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr karbonhidratlar, balyay\u0131 asitle\u015ftiren ve bozulmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyen laktik asit fermantasyonunu besler. Kuru samana k\u0131yasla temel dezavantaj\u0131, balya ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek maliyet (plastik ambalaj maliyeti, sarma makinesi gereksinimi) ve bozulmu\u015f ambalajdan oksijen s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in balyan\u0131n 6-18 ay i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"foragebaler.com<\/p>\n

\u00c7im \u00e7e\u015fidiniz ve hedef pazar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in balya makinesi ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 optimize edin.<\/h3>\n

Bize bermudagrass \u00e7e\u015fidinizi, bi\u00e7me aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, hedef pazar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, s\u00fct, at veya ihracat) ve balya boyutu tercihinizi bildirin. \u00dcretim sisteminize \u00f6zel olarak yo\u011funluk yay ayarlar\u0131, nem hedefi rehberli\u011fi ve a\u011f sarma \u00f6nerileri sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bermuda \u00e7imi balyalama \u00f6zelliklerimi al\u0131n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Warm-Season Hay Production \u2014 Southern U.S. Bermudagrass Hay Production and Baling Guide Bermudagrass yields 4\u20138 tons per acre across up to seven cuttings annually in the southern U.S. \u2014 but it is also the most technically demanding warm-season hay crop to harvest well. Fine stems dry unevenly, quality declines faster than northern crops, and the […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forage-baler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1006"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1007,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions\/1007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}