{"id":1034,"date":"2026-06-02T08:35:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T08:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/?p=1034"},"modified":"2026-06-02T08:35:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T08:35:10","slug":"teff-grass-hay-production-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/teff-grass-hay-production-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Teff Otu Saman\u0131: Yeti\u015ftirilmesi, Balya Haline Getirilmesi ve At Pazarlar\u0131na Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
At Yemi \u2014 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC \u00d6zel \u00dcretimi<\/span><\/p>\n

Teff Otu Saman\u0131: Yeti\u015ftirilmesi, Balya Haline Getirilmesi ve At Pazarlar\u0131na Sat\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h1>\n

Teff, metabolik olarak hassas at sahiplerinin g\u00fcvenle a\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 e\u015fik de\u011fer olan 10% NSC'nin alt\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak test edilen tek s\u0131cak mevsim y\u0131ll\u0131k otudur. Tek bir sezonda yeti\u015fir, di\u011fer yayg\u0131n saman bitkilerinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kurur ve belgelenmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc arayan at pazarlar\u0131nda ton ba\u015f\u0131na $150\u2013$230 fiyatla sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu k\u0131lavuz, teff saman\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir k\u0131lan tohum ekimi ve yeti\u015ftirilmesinden, bi\u00e7me, balyalama, test etme ve \u00fcst\u00fcn pazar konumland\u0131rmas\u0131na kadar her \u015feyi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

NSC Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Tablosuna bak\u0131n.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Teff'in Di\u011fer T\u00fcm Yayg\u0131n Saman Bitkilerine G\u00f6re Yap\u0131sal Olarak Neden NSC Avantaj\u0131 Var?<\/h2>\n

Teff (Eragrostis tef<\/em>Teff, Etiyopya yaylalar\u0131ndan k\u00f6ken alan, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r tah\u0131l olarak yeti\u015ftirilen y\u0131ll\u0131k, s\u0131cak mevsim otudur. ABD'deki saman \u00fcretiminde, 2000'li y\u0131llarda ni\u015f bir at pazar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak pazara girmi\u015f ve 2010'lar ve 2020'ler boyunca istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde benimsenmi\u015ftir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yerli at pop\u00fclasyonunda at metabolik sendromu (EMS) ve ins\u00fclin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi olan atlar\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC'ye sahip samana olan talebi art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teff'in bu konumu g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde i\u015fgal etmesinin nedeni, sadece y\u00f6netimsel de\u011fil, yap\u0131sal bir nedendir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Saman t\u00fcrleri<\/th>\nNSC tipik aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/th>\nNSC stres alt\u0131nda<\/th>\nAcil servis atlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli mi?<\/th>\nCP saman a\u015famas\u0131nda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Teff otu<\/td>\n5\u201310%<\/td>\n6\u201312%<\/td>\nGenellikle \u2713<\/td>\n8\u201315%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bermuda \u00e7imi<\/td>\n6\u201314%<\/td>\n8\u201318%<\/td>\nGenellikle \u00f6nce test edin.<\/td>\n8\u201314%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Timoteos<\/td>\n8\u201318%<\/td>\n12\u201326%<\/td>\nTest edilmesi gerekiyor.<\/td>\n7\u201311%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7ay\u0131r otu<\/td>\n10\u201320%<\/td>\n14\u201328%<\/td>\nTest edilmesi gerekiyor.<\/td>\n10\u201315%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yonca<\/td>\n8\u201316%<\/td>\n10\u201320%<\/td>\nTestlerle ilgili; Ca:P sorunu<\/td>\n18\u201324%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Teff'in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC de\u011feri \u00f6ncelikle bir y\u00f6netim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil, t\u00fcr\u00fcn C4 fotosentetik yolu ve metabolik karbon tahsis modelinin bir sonucudur. Etiyopya yaylalar\u0131 k\u00f6kenli s\u0131cak mevsim otu olan teff, dokular\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda fruktoz (suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr karbonhidrat) birikimini engelleyen ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda evrimle\u015fmi\u015ftir. So\u011fuk stres veya h\u0131zl\u0131 bahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda serin mevsim otlar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi fruktoz biriktirmez ve do\u011fal NSC baz de\u011feri, e\u015fde\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u015famalar\u0131ndaki di\u011fer s\u0131cak mevsim otlar\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu, teff saman\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren bir i\u015fletmecinin, kesimi dar bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na tak\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde zamanlamas\u0131na gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; \u00fcr\u00fcn, hasat edilebilir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda do\u011fal olarak daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC de\u011ferine sahiptir, bu da di\u011fer t\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re daha fazla y\u00f6netim esnekli\u011fi sa\u011flarken, metabolik sorunlar\u0131 olan at sahiplerinin g\u00fcvenle sat\u0131n alabilece\u011fi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn sunar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli uyar\u0131:<\/strong> \u201cDo\u011fal olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC\u201d ifadesi, \u201ctest yap\u0131lmadan 10%\u2019nin alt\u0131nda garantili\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmez. Kurakl\u0131k stresi alt\u0131ndaki teff, bitkinin tamamen C4 metabolizmas\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce fide a\u015famas\u0131nda bi\u00e7ilen teff veya al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k derecede y\u00fcksek azotlu topraklarda yeti\u015ftirilen teff, 10% NSC\u2019nin \u00fczerinde test edilebilir. EMS veya laminitis e\u011filimli atlara pazarlanan her parti test edilmelidir. Teff\u2019in avantaj\u0131, di\u011fer yayg\u0131n saman t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re 10%\u2019nin alt\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde test edilmesidir; ancak bu, tek tek partilerin test yap\u0131lmadan g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lamaz.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Teff \u00c7e\u015fit Se\u00e7imi: Neler Mevcut ve \u00dcretim \u0130\u00e7in Anlam\u0131 Ne?<\/h2>\n

ABD'deki teff saman \u00fcretiminde teff \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, bir\u00e7ok \u00fcreticinin bekledi\u011finden daha basittir ve \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imine k\u0131yasla yem kalitesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ziraat \u00fcniversitelerinden yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00e7o\u011fu ABD \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda teff saman kalitesi \u00fczerinde y\u00f6netim (bi\u00e7me zamanlamas\u0131, bi\u00e7me y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, g\u00fcbreleme) uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7iminden daha fazla etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fit farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, erken olgunla\u015fan ve ge\u00e7 olgunla\u015fan tipler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu da mevsimsel \u00fcretim s\u00fcresini ve b\u00f6lgesel uyarlanabilirli\u011fi etkiler.<\/p>\n

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Tiffany \/ standart ticari tipler<\/div>\n

ABD tar\u0131m tedarik kanallar\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n bulunan teff tohumu. \u00dcretim b\u00f6lgeleri genelinde agronomik olarak tutarl\u0131. Tar\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda iyi belgelenmi\u015f. Ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda saman kalitesi tipik olarak CP 10\u201314%, NSC 6\u201310%'dir. ABD'deki \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgesinde sezonda 2-3 bi\u00e7im i\u00e7in uygundur. Bu, ilk y\u0131l teff \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in uygun bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktas\u0131d\u0131r; performans verileri mevcuttur, tedarik zincirleri kurulmu\u015ftur ve ekim oranlar\u0131 iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Erken olgunla\u015fan t\u00fcrler (Mezelle, Fincha'a)<\/div>\n

Tiffany'ye g\u00f6re 5-10 g\u00fcn daha erken ba\u015faklanma evresine ula\u015f\u0131r, bu da daha erken ilk bi\u00e7ime ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin daha k\u0131sa oldu\u011fu kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinde sezon sonunda potansiyel olarak ek bir bi\u00e7ime olanak tan\u0131r. Tiffany'ye k\u0131yasla ABD \u00fcniversite deneme verileri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Bi\u00e7im ba\u015f\u0131na verim, standart t\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re tipik olarak 10-151 TP5T daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi uzunlu\u011funun ge\u00e7 olgunla\u015fan t\u00fcrlerden elde edilen toplam \u00fcretimi s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey b\u00f6lgelerindeki (Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, kuzey Illinois) \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in en uygundur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cKahverengi orta damarl\u0131\u201d (BMR) teff hakk\u0131nda bir not<\/div>\n

Azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f lignin i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip kahverengi orta damarl\u0131 teff \u00e7e\u015fitleri, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 denemelerde sindirilebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rma konusunda umut vaat etmi\u015ftir; ancak 2025-26 itibar\u0131yla ABD saman pazarlar\u0131nda ticari olarak temin edilebilen BMR teff tohumu yayg\u0131n olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Belirli \"\u00f6zel\" teff tohumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan pazarlama iddialar\u0131n\u0131, ticari olarak do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f BMR geneti\u011fiyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131n; tekrarlanan saha denemeleriyle desteklenmeyen, azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f lignin veya art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sindirilebilirlik iddias\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7e\u015fitler i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek tohum fiyatlar\u0131 \u00f6demeden \u00f6nce \u00fcniversite deneme verilerini isteyin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Teff Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi: Tohum Ekimi Oranlar\u0131, Zamanlama ve Kritik \u0130lk 30 G\u00fcn<\/h2>\n

\"Teff<\/p>\n

Teff ekimi, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tohumlu \u00fcr\u00fcnler ekmeye al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in teff saman\u0131 \u00fcretiminin en teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan zorlu y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,3 milyon tohum i\u00e7eren teff tohumu, tuzluktan d\u00f6k\u00fclebilecek kadar incedir; bu da yonca veya \u00e7im tohumu i\u00e7in kalibre edilmi\u015f standart bir tah\u0131l ekim makinesinin teff'i a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda ekmesine ve tek bir yanl\u0131\u015f kalibre edilmi\u015f ge\u00e7i\u015fin ama\u00e7lanan ekim oran\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f kat\u0131n\u0131 ekmesine, pahal\u0131 tohumu israf etmesine ve ilk bi\u00e7imden \u00f6nce devrilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kal\u0131n bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

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Tohumlama oran\u0131 ve kalibrasyon<\/div>\n

Hedef tohumlama oran\u0131: D\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 0,25\u20130,5 lb saf canl\u0131 tohum (PLS)<\/strong>Bir\u00e7ok tar\u0131m tavsiyesi, daha geni\u015f bir aral\u0131k olarak 0,5\u20131,0 lb\/acre'\u0131 belirtir, ancak alt s\u0131n\u0131r genellikle yeterlidir ve $3\u2013$6\/lb fiyat\u0131ndaki tohumlarla daha ekonomiktir. 0,5 lb\/acre ile, yakla\u015f\u0131k 650.000 tohum ekiyorsunuz; \u00e7imlenme ve tohum yata\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131 iyiyse, rekabet\u00e7i bir ekim i\u00e7in fazlas\u0131yla yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

Tarlaya girmeden \u00f6nce ekim makinenizi ger\u00e7ek teff tohumuyla kalibre edin; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktas\u0131 olarak yonca veya \u00e7im ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131n. \u00c7o\u011fu teff yeti\u015ftiricisi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tohum aparat\u0131 veya minimum a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ayar\u0131nda yonca tohumlama kutusu kullan\u0131r, ard\u0131ndan normal zemin h\u0131z\u0131nda 5 saniyelik de\u015farj\u0131 yakalayarak ve toplanan tohumu tartarak ger\u00e7ek verimi do\u011frular.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tohum yata\u011f\u0131 ve ekim ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/div>\n

Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 minimum: 65\u00b0F<\/strong> (Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, 5 cm derinlikteki toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131). Bu, genellikle Orta Bat\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Ovalar'\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda May\u0131s sonundan, kuzeydeki eyaletlerde ise Haziran ortas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ekim yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 18\u00b0C'nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funda, \u00e7imlenme d\u00fczensiz ve yava\u015f olur; bu da yabanc\u0131 ot fidelerinin teff bitkisinden \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve teff bitkisi yaprak \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kapatmadan \u00f6nce tarlay\u0131 domine etmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tohum ekim derinli\u011fi: maksimum \u00bc in\u00e7.<\/strong> Teff tohumu 1\/2 in\u00e7ten daha derin topraktan \u00e7\u0131kamaz. S\u0131k\u0131 bir tohum yata\u011f\u0131 temas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r; ekimden sonra silindir veya k\u00fcltivat\u00f6r ile topra\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeltin. Hassas ekim makinesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanlarda, ekimden sonraki 3-5 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u011fmur veya sulama olmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, serpme ekim ve ard\u0131ndan k\u00fcltivat\u00f6r ile toprak d\u00fczeltme etkili olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130\u015fin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200by\u0131l\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan yabanc\u0131 ot rekabeti zorlu\u011fu:<\/strong> Teff fideleri, \u00e7imlenmeden sonraki ilk 2-3 hafta boyunca \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve yava\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcrler; bu d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6lgelenmeye veya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7imlenen geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar ve y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar taraf\u0131ndan rekabete kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131rlar. Teff saman\u0131 \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in etiketlenmi\u015f \u00e7ok az herbisit vard\u0131r; herhangi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn teff fidelerinde g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu varsaymadan \u00f6nce, bulundu\u011funuz eyalet i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli etiket kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. En etkili yabanc\u0131 ot y\u00f6netimi, temiz bir tohum yata\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flamakt\u0131r (yabanc\u0131 ot tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7imlenmesini bask\u0131layan \u00f6nceki \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyonu veya teff ekiminden \u00f6nce yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in ekimden birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6nce haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra teff ekiminden \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen bir eski tohum yata\u011f\u0131). Teff, 6-8 in\u00e7 y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6lgeli\u011fini kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, olduk\u00e7a rekabet\u00e7i hale gelir ve sezonun geri kalan\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131 minimum d\u00fczeydedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kesim Zamanlamas\u0131: 2 Kesimli ve 3 Kesimli Sezon ve Her A\u015famada Kalite<\/h2>\n

Teff'in bi\u00e7im program\u0131, etkile\u015fim halinde olan iki fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: ekimden ilk bi\u00e7ime kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre (s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ve \u00e7e\u015fide ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak genellikle 45-60 g\u00fcn) ve sonraki bi\u00e7imler aras\u0131ndaki yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 (25-35 g\u00fcn). ABD'deki \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgesinde, 20 May\u0131s-1 Haziran ekim tarihi, Temmuz ortas\u0131nda ilk bi\u00e7ime olanak tan\u0131r ve don riski b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi sonland\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce A\u011fustos ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131nda iki bi\u00e7ime daha izin verir - toplam \u00fc\u00e7 bi\u00e7im. Daha ge\u00e7 bir ekim (Haziran ortas\u0131) yaln\u0131zca iki bi\u00e7ime izin verebilir. Derin G\u00fcney'de (8+ b\u00f6lge), Nisan sonu ekiminden d\u00f6rt bi\u00e7im m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

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KES\u0130M A\u015eAMASI KAL\u0130TE VE ZAMANLAMA REFERANSI<\/div>\n
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Bitkisel evre (\u00e7ok erken)<\/div>\n
Bitki boyu 12\u201318 in\u00e7, tohum ba\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fimi yok. Ham protein 15\u2013181 TP5T, net karbonhidrat 4\u201381 TP5T'ye ula\u015fabilir. Potansiyel verim 25\u2013401 TP5T'dir; bu kadar erken hasat, yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyelini yok eder ve pazarlanmas\u0131 pratik olmayan \u00e7ok hafif, ince bir balya \u00fcretir. Bitki tam boyunun en az 801 TP5T'sine ula\u015fana kadar kesim yapmay\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00d6ny\u00fckleme a\u015famas\u0131 (optimum)<\/span><\/div>\n
Bitki boyu 24-36 in\u00e7, tohum ba\u015f\u0131 hen\u00fcz yaprak k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde (hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f).<\/strong> CP 10\u201315%, NSC 5\u20139%, NDF 52\u201362%. Bu, at pazar\u0131 teff i\u00e7in en ideal noktad\u0131r; kalite en y\u00fcksek seviyededir, verim maksimumun \u201385%'si kadard\u0131r ve bu a\u015famadaki ince saplar, tamamen olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f tefften \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kurur. T\u00fcm ilk bi\u00e7im at pazar\u0131 teffleri, ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda hedeflenmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Erken kafa (kabul edilebilir)<\/span><\/div>\n
Tohum ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve uzamaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. CP 8\u201312%, NSC 6\u201311%. Kesim ba\u015f\u0131na maksimum verim. \u0130nce, uzun tohum ba\u015f\u0131 lezzet veya NSC'yi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemez, ancak g\u00f6vde hafif\u00e7e odunla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r pazar\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur; bu a\u015famadan itibaren EMS atlar\u0131na pazarlamadan \u00f6nce NSC'yi test edin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tam tohum \/ olgun (ka\u00e7\u0131nmak)<\/span><\/div>\n
Tohum ba\u015flar\u0131 tamamen a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve taneler geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ham protein (CP) 6\u20138%'ye d\u00fc\u015ferken, n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) 65%+'ya y\u00fckselir. Balyadaki canl\u0131 teff taneleri, tarlalara yatakl\u0131k veya yem serpen al\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 ot tohumu sorunu haline gelir. Net karbonhidrat i\u00e7eri\u011fi (NSC) hala kabul edilebilir olabilir, ancak kalite d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve (sonraki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kendili\u011finden yeti\u015fen teff nedeniyle) bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc al\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in sorun te\u015fkil eder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in kritik kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011fi kural\u0131:<\/strong> Teff bitkisini her bi\u00e7imde en az 3 in\u00e7 (7,6 cm) sap y\u00fcksekli\u011finde kesin. Teff'in ratoon (yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme) mahsul\u00fc i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcme noktalar\u0131 toprak y\u00fczeyinde veya hemen \u00fczerinde bulunur; 3 in\u00e7ten daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kesmek bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r. Uygulamada bu, teff kesiminden \u00f6nce bi\u00e7me makinesinin kesme tablas\u0131 veya kesme \u00e7ubu\u011fu y\u00fcksekli\u011fini dikkatlice kalibre etmek anlam\u0131na gelir, sadece yonca i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayn\u0131 y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ayarlamak yeterli de\u011fildir. Kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011fini, kal\u0131nt\u0131 y\u00f6netimini ve kuruma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen bi\u00e7me ve \u015fartland\u0131rma ekipman\u0131 kalibrasyonu, ilgili k\u0131lavuzda ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bi\u00e7me ve saman i\u015fleme kalitesi k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Teff Kurutma: En H\u0131zl\u0131 Kuruyan Ticari Saman Bitkisi ve En Dar Zaman Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"Teff<\/p>\n

Teff'in ultra ince saplar\u0131 -ticari olarak \u00fcretilen t\u00fcm saman t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda en ince olan\u0131- bir paradoks yarat\u0131r: Saman\u0131 yumu\u015fak, lezzetli ve atlar taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen k\u0131lan ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellik, ayn\u0131 zamanda tehlikeli derecede h\u0131zl\u0131 kurumas\u0131na ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuru balyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda felaket bir \u015fekilde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu kuruma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, daha \u00f6nce yaln\u0131zca yonca veya bermudagrass ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f teff saman\u0131 \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli operasyonel bilgidir.<\/p>\n

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Tipik kuruma s\u00fcresi (a\u00e7\u0131k yaz g\u00fcn\u00fc, 29\u00b0C ve \u00fczeri)<\/div>\n
Nemini azalt\u0131n:<\/strong> 65\u201375%
\nKesimden 4 saat sonra:<\/strong> 35\u201345%
\n\u00c7ekimden 8 saat sonra:<\/strong> 22\u201330%
\nKesimden 14-18 saat sonra:<\/strong> 14\u201317% (balyalama penceresi)
\nKesimden 20-22 saat sonra:<\/strong> 10\u201312% (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kuru, yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fclme riski)
\nKesimden 24 saat veya daha fazla s\u00fcre sonra:<\/strong> <10% (balya yapmay\u0131n)<\/div>\n
Bu, e\u015fde\u011fer ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yonca otundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 30\u201340% ve bermudagrass otundan 50\u201360% daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Bi\u00e7me program\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 buna g\u00f6re planlay\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Teff saman\u0131n\u0131 kurutmay\u0131n.<\/div>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu ko\u015fulda teff i\u00e7in t\u0131rm\u0131klama i\u015flemi verimsizdir. Teff \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 kurudu\u011fu i\u00e7in, malzeme \u00e7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u0131rm\u0131klamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden \u00f6nce kritik k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k e\u015fi\u011fine (18%'nin alt\u0131nda nem) ula\u015f\u0131r; bu noktada t\u0131rm\u0131k hareketi, hava sirk\u00fclasyonunu iyile\u015ftirmek yerine g\u00f6vdede ciddi par\u00e7alanmaya ve yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine neden olur. T\u0131rm\u0131klama kesinlikle gerekliyse (nemli ko\u015fullarda yo\u011fun s\u0131ra halinde), malzeme hala esnekken kesimden sonraki 1-2 saat i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kesimden 4 saat sonra g\u00f6vdeler zaten k\u0131smen kurumu\u015f olur ve tipik t\u0131rm\u0131k h\u0131zlar\u0131nda t\u0131rm\u0131klama net kalite kayb\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Teff balyalama penceresi protokol\u00fc:<\/strong> Bi\u00e7imden 10-12 saat sonra ilk s\u0131ra i\u00e7i nem \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131n. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm 20%'nin \u00fczerindeyse, 4-6 saat sonra balyalama planlay\u0131n. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm 16-19% aras\u0131ndaysa, 1-3 saat sonra balyalama planlay\u0131n ve bu noktadan itibaren her 30 dakikada bir tekrar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131n. S\u0131cak \u00f6\u011fleden sonra ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, teff 90 dakikadan k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 17%'den 11%'ye d\u00fc\u015febilir. Teff i\u00e7in balyalama karar\u0131, di\u011fer yayg\u0131n saman mahsullerine g\u00f6re daha zaman hassasiyetine sahiptir: 2 saatlik bir gecikme, 850 lb'lik birinci s\u0131n\u0131f at saman\u0131 ile ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde iyi test edilen ancak teslimatta al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sallama testinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan tozlu, par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f malzeme aras\u0131nda fark yaratabilir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Teff i\u00e7in Balya Ayarlar\u0131: Yonca Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z Bu Mahsul \u0130\u00e7in Neden Yanl\u0131\u015f?<\/h2>\n

Teff'in ince saplar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funlu\u011fu, bermudagrass veya m\u0131s\u0131r sap\u0131n\u0131n aksine balyalama konusunda bir zorluk yarat\u0131r: balya y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve sa\u011flam g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ancak metrek\u00fcp ba\u015f\u0131na nispeten az a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir; bu da balya makinesinin yo\u011funluk sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve yay sisteminin daha yo\u011fun \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in ayarlanm\u0131\u015fsa yanl\u0131\u015f tepki vermesine neden olur. Yonca ayarlar\u0131yla teff balya y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na giren bir operat\u00f6r, genellikle do\u011fru boyutta g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ancak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 az ve yap\u0131sal olarak k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan balyalar \u00fcretir; bu balyalar depolama s\u0131ras\u0131nda deforme olur ve ilk hafta i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n

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1<\/div>\n
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Yonca ayar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde 15\u201325% yo\u011funluk yay gerilimini art\u0131r\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teff'in ince saplar\u0131 nispeten kolayca s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ancak yonca yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun bir k\u00fctle halinde tutan yap\u0131sal kenetlenmeye sahip de\u011fildir. Yeterli balya yo\u011funlu\u011funa ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in (4x5'lik bir balya i\u00e7in 500-628 lbs \u00fcreten, metrek\u00fcp ba\u015f\u0131na 8-10 lbs hedeflenir), ayn\u0131 balya hacmindeki yoncaya g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek yay gerilimi gerekir. Balya makinesinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 yo\u011funluk sinyali teff i\u00e7in daha erken tetiklenir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc malzeme ger\u00e7ek yo\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015fmadan silindir duvarlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r; ek yay gerilimi, balyan\u0131n tam \u00e7apa geni\u015flemesine izin verilmeden \u00f6nce daha fazla ger\u00e7ek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma talep ederek bunu d\u00fczeltir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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2<\/div>\n
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4x5 veya 5x5 yerine 4x4 balya kullan\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130yi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 4x4 teff balyas\u0131 400-550 lbs a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r; bu da, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek kaliteli teff saman\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131c\u0131 profiline uygun olarak, bir y\u00fckleyiciye ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan at ah\u0131rlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygundur. E\u015fde\u011fer yo\u011funluktaki 5x5 teff balyas\u0131 ise 800-900 lbs a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r; bu da \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r de\u011fildir ve ah\u0131rda ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla ekipman gerektirir. Teff saman\u0131n\u0131n birincil pazar\u0131 olan at \u00e7iftlikleri neredeyse evrensel olarak daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck balyalar\u0131 tercih eder; 4x4 boyutu, ekipman ve y\u00f6netimleriyle m\u00fckemmel bir uyum sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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3<\/div>\n
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Teff i\u00e7in a\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131 pazarl\u0131k konusu de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ple sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teff balyalar\u0131, yonca veya bermudagrass balyalar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131sal olarak daha hassast\u0131r. \u0130nce saplar, ip noktalar\u0131ndaki yerel s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak \u00e7ok az i\u00e7 yap\u0131 sa\u011flar; bu da balyan\u0131n, ip bantlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki malzemenin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru hareket etmesiyle, depolaman\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 veya f\u0131st\u0131k \u015feklini almas\u0131na neden olur. A\u011f sarg\u0131s\u0131, balyan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00e7evresi boyunca s\u00fcrekli bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama uygulayarak balya \u015feklini korur ve iple sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teff balyalar\u0131n\u0131 depolama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan riskli hale getiren d\u0131\u015f katman d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini \u00f6nler. yuvarlak balya makineleri<\/a> Teff \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan a\u011f sarma sisteminin yeterli sarma katmanlar\u0131 uygulayabildi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n (ince g\u00f6vdeli \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in en az 2 tam \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen katman \u00f6nerilir).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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4<\/div>\n
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Teff y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeterli nem oran\u0131na sahip, tam \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki teff (16\u201318%), nispeten a\u011f\u0131r ve yo\u011fun bir s\u0131ra olu\u015fturur; ince saplar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131ca paketlenmesi nedeniyle, bitkinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bireysel sap a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden daha yo\u011fun bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fur. Bu s\u0131raya normal yonca h\u0131z\u0131nda (5\u20136 mph) girmek, toplama mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckleyebilir ve malzemenin temiz bir \u015fekilde kald\u0131r\u0131lmak yerine t\u0131rm\u0131k u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine katlanmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Teff s\u0131ralar\u0131na 3\u20134 mph h\u0131zla girin ve ilk birka\u00e7 ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplama t\u0131rm\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temas\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan izleyin. \u00c7e\u015fitli zemin h\u0131zlar\u0131nda toplama tahrik h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen PTO tahrik hatt\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r: tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man ve PTO tahrik sistemi bile\u015fenlerinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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NSC Testleri ve Dok\u00fcmantasyonu: Y\u00fcksek Fiyatland\u0131rmay\u0131 Hakl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karan At Pazar\u0131 Standard\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"foragebaler.com<\/p>\n

Teff saman\u0131 i\u00e7in belirlenen piyasa primi (e\u015fde\u011fer kalitedeki timothy saman\u0131n\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 2-3 kat\u0131na ula\u015fabilir) tamamen bir yem testinin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 NSC (Net Karbonhidrat \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi) dok\u00fcmantasyonuna dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle WSC (Su, Karbonhidrat \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi) ve Ni\u015fasta de\u011ferlerini i\u00e7eren bir test olmadan, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n NSC iddias\u0131 i\u00e7in belgelenmi\u015f bir dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur ve metabolik sorunlar\u0131 olan at al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da sat\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in belgelenmi\u015f bir dayana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Test, prim fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir; fiyat fark\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm gerek\u00e7esini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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At pazar\u0131 teff i\u00e7in gerekli test paneli<\/div>\n