{"id":1064,"date":"2026-06-04T06:29:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T06:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/?p=1064"},"modified":"2026-06-04T06:29:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T06:29:22","slug":"tall-fescue-hay-endophyte-horse-toxicosis-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/tall-fescue-hay-endophyte-horse-toxicosis-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzun \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131: Endofit, Zehirlenme ve At G\u00fcvenli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
Serin Mevsim \u00c7imleri \u2014 Endofit G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve \u00dcretimi K\u0131lavuzu<\/span><\/p>\n

Uzun \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131: Endofit, Zehirlenme ve At G\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/h1>\n

Uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, ABD'de di\u011fer t\u00fcm serin iklim otlar\u0131ndan daha fazla alanda yeti\u015fmektedir ve bu alanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde belgelenmi\u015f ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olan ve gebe k\u0131sraklar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fcreme tehdidi olu\u015fturan zehirli bir endofit bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Endofit, enfekte olmu\u015f bir alandan tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz; ancak etkileri, bu k\u0131lavuzda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nan testler, \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi ve pazar ve y\u00f6netim kararlar\u0131 yoluyla \u00f6nlenebilir.<\/p>\n

Endofit Spektrum K\u0131lavuzuna bak\u0131n.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ABD'de Yem Bitkisi Olarak Uzun \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu'nun Rol\u00fc: 35 Milyon D\u00f6n\u00fcm ve Karma\u015f\u0131k Bir Miras<\/h2>\n

Uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu (Festuca arundinacea<\/em>, e\u015f anlaml\u0131. Lolium arundinaceum<\/em>Uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7im (tall fescue), Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde en yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilen serin mevsim \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve tahmini 35-40 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck bir alan\u0131 kaplamaktad\u0131r; bu alan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesi ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da, Virginia ve Kentucky'den Orta Bat\u0131'ya, Missouri ve Kansas'a kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ger\u00e7ek tar\u0131msal g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r: serin mevsim \u00e7imi i\u00e7in ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kurakl\u0131k tolerans\u0131, s\u0131cak yazlarda \u00fcst\u00fcn bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, k\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, timothy ve yonca gibi di\u011fer \u00e7im t\u00fcrlerini diskalifiye eden \u0131slak topraklara tolerans. Ancak, saman i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftiren \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcreticinin ya y\u00fczeysel olarak bildi\u011fi ya da tamamen yanl\u0131\u015f anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey, uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7im tarlalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun, metabolik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri t\u00fcketen hayvanlarda belgelenmi\u015f, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir sa\u011fl\u0131k ve performans kay\u0131plar\u0131na neden olan bir mantar endofiti ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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85\u201395%<\/div>\n
Kentucky-31 ve benzeri eski uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7im t\u00fcrlerinin \u00e7o\u011funda zehirli endofit ile enfekte olmu\u015f s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin y\u00fczdesi o kadar y\u00fcksek ki, mevcut \u00e7im alan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n toksin \u00fcretti\u011fini varsaymak, test yapmadan do\u011fru varsay\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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$500M+<\/div>\n
Fescue toksikozundan kaynaklanan ve zehirli endofit i\u00e7eren fescue otundan otlayan ve t\u00fcketen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda kilo al\u0131m\u0131nda azalma, \u00fcreme verimsizli\u011fi ve yaz performans\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f gibi belirtilere yol a\u00e7an ABD s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti end\u00fcstrisine tahmini y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomik kay\u0131p.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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60-90 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
Gebe k\u0131sraklar i\u00e7in beklenen do\u011fum tarihinden \u00f6nce uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 ve meradan minimum \u00e7ekilme s\u00fcresi \u2014 bu tarihten \u00f6nce t\u00fcketilen samandan gelen ergovalin'in k\u0131sra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcreme hormonu profilini etkilemeye devam etti\u011fi zaman dilimi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Her \u00fcretici ve saman al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftiren temel ger\u00e7ek \u015fudur: Zehirli endofit bitkinin her yerinde (yaprak, g\u00f6vde, tohum ba\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00f6k) sistemiktir ve bi\u00e7me zamanlamas\u0131, g\u00fcbreleme, otlatma y\u00f6netimi veya hasat sonras\u0131 herhangi bir i\u015flemle azalt\u0131lamaz veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamaz. Zehirli endofit ile enfekte olmu\u015f bir uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu bitkisi, her bi\u00e7imde ve her y\u00f6netim uygulamas\u0131nda her dokuda ergot alkaloidleri (esas olarak ergovalin) \u00fcretir. Tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fit de\u011fi\u015ftirme i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Endofit Spektrumu: Toksik, Yeni ve Endofitsiz \u2014 Her Birinin Anlam\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"Uzun<\/p>\n

Endofit durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu (tall fescue) t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bunlar, sahada g\u00f6rsel olarak ay\u0131rt edilememelerine ra\u011fmen, hayvan g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 profili temsil etmektedir. Endofit spektrumu, en sorunlu olandan en az sorunlu olana do\u011fru \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

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TOKS\u0130K ENDOF\u0130T<\/div>\n
Kentucky-31 ve en k\u00f6kl\u00fc bitkiler \u2014 Epichlo\u00eb coenophiala<\/strong>
\nABD'deki \u00e7o\u011fu ya\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinin -951'inde bulunan mantar endofiti. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r ve at sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir d\u00fczeyde etkileyen ergovalin de dahil olmak \u00fczere ergot alkaloidleri \u00fcretir. Endofit bitki i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r; kurakl\u0131k tolerans\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6cek direncini (endofit b\u00f6cekleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran peramin \u00fcretir) ve ot \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; bu nedenle yerle\u015fik meralarda bu kadar y\u00fcksek enfeksiyon oranlar\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hayvanlarda toksik etki, endofitin b\u00f6cek savunma bile\u015fikleri ile memeli vazokonstrikt\u00f6r yollar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ortak kimyasal etkile\u015fimin bir sonucudur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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YEN\u0130 ENDOF\u0130T<\/div>\n
MaxQ, Jesup MaxQ, Texoma MaxQ \u2014 \u201cDost canl\u0131s\u0131\u201d mantar simbiyontu<\/strong>
\nYeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fitleri farkl\u0131 bir mantar simbiyontu i\u00e7erir \u2014 ayn\u0131 cins (Epichlo\u00eb<\/em>Ancak, ergovalin \u00fcretmeden tar\u0131msal faydalar\u0131 (kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, b\u00f6cek direnci, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcreklili\u011fi) korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f farkl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr de mevcuttur. Georgia \u00dcniversitesi, Tennessee \u00dcniversitesi ve Auburn \u00dcniversitesi'nden yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, yeni endofitli \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun, \u00e7ay\u0131r otu ve timothy otuna e\u015fde\u011fer s\u0131\u011f\u0131r performans\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ay\u0131r otu zehirlenmesinden kaynaklanan verimlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir. Temel y\u00f6netim gereksinimi: Yeni endofitli \u00e7e\u015fitler, zehirli bir alana ekim yap\u0131larak olu\u015fturulamaz; ekimden \u00f6nce zehirli alan tamamen yok edilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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ENDOPH\u0130T \u0130\u00c7ERMEYEN<\/div>\n
Mantar simbiyontu yok \u2014 temiz ama daha az kal\u0131c\u0131<\/strong>
\nEndofit i\u00e7ermeyen \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun mantar orta\u011f\u0131 yoktur, bu nedenle ergot alkaloidleri \u00fcretmez ve hayvanlar i\u00e7in toksisite riski olu\u015fturmaz. Kritik denge noktas\u0131 \u015fudur: Endofitin b\u00f6cek cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bile\u015fikleri ve stres tolerans\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmadan, endofit i\u00e7ermeyen \u00e7ay\u0131r otu tarlalar\u0131, endofit bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitlere k\u0131yasla genellikle 3-6 y\u0131l boyunca \u00f6nemli bir azalma g\u00f6stermeden varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr; endofit bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitlerde ise bu s\u00fcre 15-25+ y\u0131ld\u0131r. S\u0131cak, kurak yazlarda veya y\u00fcksek b\u00f6cek bask\u0131s\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgelerde, endofit i\u00e7ermeyen tarlalar h\u0131zla seyrekle\u015fir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'daki \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcretici i\u00e7in, tarlan\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki bu denge, endofit i\u00e7ermeyen \u00e7ay\u0131r otunu kal\u0131c\u0131 bir mera veya saman tarlas\u0131 olarak pratik olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r; yeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fitleri daha iyi bir denge sunar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zellik<\/th>\nZehirli endofit<\/th>\nYeni endofit<\/th>\nEndofit i\u00e7ermez<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ergovalin \u00fcretimi<\/td>\nEvet (0,2\u20131,5 mg\/kg)<\/td>\nHi\u00e7biri tespit edilmedi.<\/td>\nHi\u00e7biri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/td>\nHarika<\/td>\nHarika<\/td>\nIl\u0131man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Azimli olmak<\/td>\n15\u201325+ ya\u015f<\/td>\n10-20 y\u0131l<\/td>\n3-6 y\u0131l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tohum maliyeti<\/td>\n$2\u20134\/lb<\/td>\n$7\u201314\/lb<\/td>\n$3\u20135\/lb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
At pazar\u0131na eri\u015fim<\/td>\nHari\u00e7 tutuldu<\/td>\nTest ve dok\u00fcmantasyon ile birlikte<\/td>\nTestlerle birlikte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda Ergovalin ve \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Zehirlenmesi: Klinik Belirtiler ve Ekonomik Kay\u0131plar<\/h2>\n

S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e7ay\u0131r otu zehirlenmesi tek bir hastal\u0131k de\u011fildir; ergovalin'in ikili mekanizmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir dizi ili\u015fkili sendromdur: periferik vazokonstriksiyon (kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131n daralmas\u0131) ve prolaktin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 (laktasyon hormonunun bask\u0131lanmas\u0131). Her iki etki de, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,3 mg\/kg kuru madde e\u015fi\u011finin \u00fczerindeki \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 t\u00fcketen veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otu otlayan s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u015eiddeti ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan spesifik sendrom, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ergovalin konsantrasyonuna ve maruz kalma s\u00fcresine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ay\u0131r otu aya\u011f\u0131 (gangren\u00f6z ergotizm)<\/div>\n

Damar daralmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u015fiddetli ifadesi: uzuvlara, \u00f6zellikle arka toynaklara giden kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131r ve ilerleyici doku \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olur. Erken belirtiler: arka bacaklarda topall\u0131k, hareket etme isteksizli\u011fi, toynaklar\u0131 so\u011futmak i\u00e7in su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kenar\u0131nda otlama. \u0130leri evre: toynak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda, kulak u\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve kuyrukta kuru kangren. Hayvanlar\u0131n \u00e7ay\u0131r otuyla beslendi\u011fi ve termal d\u00fczenleme gereksinimlerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonbahar sonu ve k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Etkilenen tek bir hayvan \u00f6nemli bir ekonomik kay\u0131p anlam\u0131na gelir; durum ilerledikten sonra genellikle geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yaz sendromu (\u0131s\u0131 stresi art\u0131\u015f\u0131)<\/div>\n

Ergovalin, periferik vazokonstriksiyona neden olarak s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n birincil so\u011futma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 (\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in deri y\u00fczeyine kan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131) da bozar. Yaz aylar\u0131nda zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otuyla beslenen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, ergovalin i\u00e7ermeyen ot saman\u0131yla beslenen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlara g\u00f6re termoreg\u00fclasyon konusunda daha az yeteneklidir. Sonu\u00e7: daha y\u00fcksek v\u00fccut s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131, azalm\u0131\u015f yem al\u0131m\u0131, azalm\u0131\u015f kilo al\u0131m\u0131 (potansiyelin 5-151 kg alt\u0131nda), prolaktin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan kaba t\u00fcy \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc (ilkbaharda k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcylerini d\u00f6kememe) ve su kaynaklar\u0131nda veya g\u00f6lgede toplanma. Ticari besi ve \u00f6n besleme i\u015fletmelerinde, bu bask\u0131lanma, 90-180 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir besleme d\u00f6neminde ekonomik olarak \u00f6nemli olan ortalama g\u00fcnl\u00fck kilo al\u0131m\u0131nda 0,15-0,40 kg azalmay\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00dcreme bask\u0131s\u0131<\/div>\n

Prolaktin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00fcreme performans\u0131n\u0131 etkiler: d\u00fcvelerde ergenli\u011fin gecikmesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gebelik oranlar\u0131 (ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ergovalin i\u00e7ermeyen kontrollere g\u00f6re 5-10% daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck), emziren ineklerde s\u00fct \u00fcretiminin azalmas\u0131 (zay\u0131f buza\u011f\u0131lar, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u00fctten kesme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131). S\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lan i\u015fletmelerde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gebelik oranlar\u0131, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck buza\u011f\u0131 s\u00fctten kesme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bozulmu\u015f yem kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck inek v\u00fccut kondisyon puanlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimi, birden fazla sezonda birle\u015ferek, ergovalin testi yap\u0131lmadan tek bir nedene ba\u011flanmas\u0131 zor olan yap\u0131sal bir performans dezavantaj\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Atlar ve Uzun \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu: Hamile K\u0131sraklar ve \u00dcreme Riski<\/h2>\n

\"Tarladaki<\/p>\n

Zehirli endofit i\u00e7eren \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun atlar i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu risk, ergovalin-prolaktin bask\u0131lama yoluna \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr ve gebeli\u011fin son \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131ndaki k\u0131sraklar i\u00e7in en \u015fiddetlidir. Gebe olmayan yeti\u015fkin atlar ve had\u0131m edilmi\u015f atlar genellikle orta d\u00fczeyde ergovalin maruziyetini akut sa\u011fl\u0131k etkileri olmadan tolere edebilirler, ancak gebe k\u0131sraklar tamamen farkl\u0131 bir risk kategorisini temsil eder.<\/p>\n

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GEBE KISRAKLARDA FISCUE TOKS\u0130KOZU \u2014 KL\u0130N\u0130K SENDROM VE Y\u00d6NET\u0130M<\/div>\n
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Agalaktia<\/div>\n
Do\u011fumda kolostrum veya s\u00fct\u00fcn tamamen veya neredeyse tamamen \u00fcretilememesi. Ergovalin, gebeli\u011fin son d\u00f6neminde s\u00fct \u00fcretimini tetikleyen hormon olan prolaktini bask\u0131lar. Kolostrum \u00fcretemeyen bir k\u0131sra\u011f\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu tay, kolostrumdan yetersiz pasif ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k al\u0131r ve bu da onu septisemi ve di\u011fer yenido\u011fan enfeksiyonlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek risk alt\u0131na sokar. Kolostrum \u00fcretemeyen k\u0131sraklar, don\u00f6r bir k\u0131sraktan veya kolostrum bankas\u0131ndan acil kolostrum takviyesine ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar. Bu, \u00e7ay\u0131r otu zehirlenmesinin en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcreme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Uzun s\u00fcreli gebelik<\/div>\n
Gebelik s\u00fcresi normalden 10-20 g\u00fcn daha uzundur (normal s\u00fcre = 320-360 g\u00fcn). Uzun gebelik s\u00fcresinden sonra do\u011fan taylar genellikle olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck (ge\u00e7 olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f), eklem esnekli\u011fi azalm\u0131\u015f, emme refleksi zay\u0131f ve koordinasyon g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri g\u00f6sterirler; bu durum topluca \"b\u00fcy\u00fck tay sendromu\" olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Uzun gebelik s\u00fcresi ayr\u0131ca veteriner m\u00fcdahalesi gerektiren distosi (zor do\u011fum) olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Plasentan\u0131n i\u00e7eride kalmas\u0131<\/div>\n
Do\u011fumdan sonraki 3 saat i\u00e7inde plasentan\u0131n at\u0131lamamas\u0131 (normal) bir durumdur. K\u0131sraklarda plasentan\u0131n kalmas\u0131 h\u0131zla endometrit (rahim enfeksiyonu), sistemik toksin zehirlenmesi ve ikincil bir sonu\u00e7 olarak laminitise (a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 ve genellikle kariyeri sonland\u0131ran bir t\u0131rnak rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131) yol a\u00e7ar. Plasentan\u0131n kalmas\u0131, acil oksitosin tedavisi, manuel \u00e7\u0131karma yard\u0131m\u0131 ve antibiyotik tedavisi gerektiren veterinerlik acil bir durumdur. \u00c7ay\u0131r otuyla ili\u015fkili plasentan\u0131n kalmas\u0131 iyi belgelenmi\u015ftir: Kentucky \u00dcniversitesi'nden yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu t\u00fcketen k\u0131sraklarda plasentan\u0131n kalma oran\u0131n\u0131n -501, temiz yemle beslenen kontrol k\u0131sraklar\u0131nda ise %2-51 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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60-90 g\u00fcnl\u00fck para \u00e7ekme kural\u0131<\/div>\n
Ergovalinin prolaktin \u00fczerindeki etkisi anl\u0131k de\u011fildir; haftalarca s\u00fcren t\u00fcketim sonucunda birikir ve kaynak ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yava\u015f\u00e7a tersine d\u00f6ner. Beklenen do\u011fum tarihinden 60 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce k\u0131sra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otundan ve meradan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, kritik kolostrum \u00fcretim d\u00f6neminden \u00f6nce ergovalinin temizlenmesi ve prolaktin seviyelerinin normale d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in yeterli zaman sa\u011flar. Baz\u0131 at \u00fcreme uzmanlar\u0131, \u00e7ay\u0131r otuyla ilgili sorun ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan veya \u00fcreme direnci azalm\u0131\u015f ya\u015fl\u0131 k\u0131sraklarla ilgilenirken daha ihtiyatl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre olarak 90 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nermektedir. At yemi kalitesi ve NSC spesifikasyonlar\u0131 k\u0131lavuzu<\/a> At pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in samanla ilgili t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik kriterlerini kapsar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Is\u0131l i\u015flem, ergovalin maddesini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/strong> \u00dcreticilerden s\u0131k\u00e7a gelen bir soru: \u201cSaman y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta balyalan\u0131rsa veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otu pelet haline getirilirse veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurutulursa, ergovalin par\u00e7alan\u0131r m\u0131?\u201d Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen cevap hay\u0131r; ergovalin de dahil olmak \u00fczere ergot alkaloidleri, standart saman kurutma ve peletleme i\u015flemlerinde elde edilebilen s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Ergovalin, geleneksel saman kurutma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na (koyu balya \u00e7ekirdeklerinde 120\u00b0F'ye kadar tarlada kurutma), peletlemeye ve dehidrasyona dayan\u0131r. Ticari \u00fcreticilerin ergovalini g\u00fcvenli seviyelere g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilecek hasat sonras\u0131 bir i\u015flem mevcut de\u011fildir. Tek y\u00f6netim, kaynak kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr: \u0130\u015flenme veya depolanma \u015fekline bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, zehirli endofit \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131n\u0131 gebe k\u0131sraklara yedirmeyin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131nda Ergovalin Testi: Protokol, Laboratuvar \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli E\u015fik De\u011ferleri<\/h2>\n

Ergovalin testi, piyasadaki g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011fu belgelenmi\u015f \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131n\u0131, riski bilinmeyen \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde sat\u0131lan uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ergovalin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan test edilmez; hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcvenlik belgesi olmadan ticari saman olarak sat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durum hem hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir risk olu\u015fturur hem de \u00e7ay\u0131r otunda yeni endofit bulunan veya ilkbahar bi\u00e7me zamanlamas\u0131 nedeniyle ergovalin seviyeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir pazar f\u0131rsat\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

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Test y\u00f6ntemi ve maliyeti<\/div>\n

Ergovalin testi, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversite ve ticari tar\u0131m laboratuvarlar\u0131nda bulunan rekabet\u00e7i ELISA (enzim ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 imm\u00fcnosorbent testi) imm\u00fcnolojik test y\u00f6ntemlerini kullan\u0131r. Numune ba\u015f\u0131na maliyet: $35\u2013$75. Sonu\u00e7 alma s\u00fcresi: \u00c7o\u011fu laboratuvar i\u00e7in 3-7 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc. Bu testi sunan bir\u00e7ok laboratuvar bulunmaktad\u0131r; bunlar aras\u0131nda Missouri \u00dcniversitesi Tar\u0131m Fak\u00fcltesi laboratuvar\u0131, Equi-Analytical Laboratories (Cumberland Valley Analytical Services'in bir par\u00e7as\u0131) ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ticari veteriner te\u015fhis laboratuvarlar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Sipari\u015f verirken, \u00f6zellikle \"ergovalin\" veya \"ergot alkaloidleri\" analizini talep edin; bu, standart yem besin paneli kapsam\u0131nda de\u011fildir ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Balya halindeki saman i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme protokol\u00fc<\/div>\n

Her partiden en az 10 balya \u00f6rne\u011fi al\u0131n (ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7im, ayn\u0131 tarla, ayn\u0131 hasat haftas\u0131). Her balyan\u0131n ucundan \u00e7ekirdek \u00f6rnekleri toplamak i\u00e7in balya sondas\u0131 kullan\u0131n ve 10 alt \u00f6rne\u011fin tamam\u0131n\u0131 tek bir bile\u015fik \u00f6rnek torbas\u0131nda birle\u015ftirin. \u00d6rne\u011fi tarla kimli\u011fi, bi\u00e7im numaras\u0131 ve balya tarihi ile etiketleyin. Bile\u015fik \u00f6rne\u011fi analiz i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderin. Bile\u015fik yakla\u015f\u0131m, bir parti i\u00e7indeki do\u011fal varyasyonu ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r; tek bir balya \u00f6rne\u011fi, partinin ergovalin aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmeyebilir. Yem \u00f6rnekleme tekni\u011fi, ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yem analizi ve saman testi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131 k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/th>\nErgovalin e\u015fi\u011fi (DM baz\u0131nda)<\/th>\nE\u015fik noktas\u0131ndaki y\u00f6netim eylemi<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Gebe k\u0131sraklar (son \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nem)<\/td>\n<0,050 mg\/kg \u2014 herhangi bir seviyeden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n<\/td>\nBeslemeyin; do\u011fumun beklendi\u011fi tarihten 60-90 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce \u00e7ay\u0131r otundan tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hamile olmayan atlar ve had\u0131m edilmi\u015f atlar<\/td>\n0,10\u20130,20 mg\/kg<\/td>\n\u00c7ay\u0131r otunun toplam diyet i\u00e7indeki oran\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131n; t\u00fcy \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kabala\u015fmas\u0131 ve performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip edin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi \u2014 besi ve besleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan hayvanlar<\/td>\n0,30 mg\/kg<\/td>\nPerformans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ba\u015flar; ergovalin i\u00e7ermeyen samanla seyreltin; takviye edici g\u0131da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131\u011f\u0131r inekleri \u2014 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k samanla besleme<\/td>\n0,50 mg\/kg<\/td>\n\u00dcreme performans\u0131n\u0131 izleyin; y\u00fcksek seviyelerde temiz samanla seyreltin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u00fct s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131<\/td>\n<0,20 mg\/kg<\/td>\nS\u00fct \u00fcretimi ergovaline kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r; her parti test edilmelidir; y\u00fcksek seviyelerde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yeni Endofit \u00c7e\u015fitleri: At Pazar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7im Geli\u015ftirmenin Pratik Yolu<\/h2>\n

Yeni endofitli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu \u00e7e\u015fitleri, arazi ve pazar ko\u015fullar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetini kar\u015f\u0131layan \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in tar\u0131msal a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fcst\u00fcn bir se\u00e7enek sunmaktad\u0131r. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde \u015fu anda ticari olarak bulunan \u00e7e\u015fitler aras\u0131nda MaxQ (Pennington ve di\u011ferleri taraf\u0131ndan PGG Wrightson\/Barenbrug'dan lisans alt\u0131nda pazarlanmaktad\u0131r), Jesup MaxQ ve \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgesel s\u00fcr\u00fcmler yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitler, \u00fcniversite ara\u015ft\u0131rma denemelerinde s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7ay\u0131r otu ve timothy otuna e\u015fde\u011fer s\u0131\u011f\u0131r performans\u0131 \u00fcretmekte ve toksik endofitten kaynaklanan 5\u201315% performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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En \u00f6nemli kurulu\u015f kural\u0131<\/div>\n

Yeni endofit mantar\u0131, yerle\u015fik zehirli \u00e7e\u015fidin rekabetine dayanamaz. Yeni endofit tohumunu canl\u0131 zehirli bir ortama ekme giri\u015fimleri, zehirli \u00e7e\u015fidin yerle\u015fik k\u00f6k sisteminin bask\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yeni endofitin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015fmesinin neredeyse s\u0131f\u0131r olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm protokol\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir: (1)<\/strong> Mevcut zehirli bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc glifosat ile tamamen yok edin \u2014 sonbaharda tek bir uygulama genellikle yeterli de\u011fildir; zehirli s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in birden fazla herbisit uygulamas\u0131yla tam bir nadas y\u0131l\u0131 planlay\u0131n; (2)<\/strong> Ertesi baharda hi\u00e7bir yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6zlemlemeyerek a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulay\u0131n; (3)<\/strong> Yeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fidini yaz sonu\/sonbahar ba\u015flar\u0131nda, tohum tedarik\u00e7isinden al\u0131nan ve endofit canl\u0131l\u0131k testi belgelenmi\u015f taze tohum kullanarak olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tohum canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014 endofit \u00e7e\u015fitlere \u00f6zg\u00fc raf \u00f6mr\u00fc sorunu<\/div>\n

O Epichlo\u00eb<\/em> Hem zehirli hem de yeni \u00e7e\u015fitlerdeki mantar endofiti tohumun i\u00e7inde canl\u0131d\u0131r ve canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli nem seviyelerine ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Uygunsuz \u015fekilde saklanan tohumlar -\u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nemde- endofit canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kademeli olarak kaybederken, \u00e7im tohumunun kendisi \u00e7imlenebilir kal\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 ay boyunca s\u0131cak bir depoda veya kamyon kasas\u0131nda saklanan bir torba \"yeni endofitli\" \u00e7im tohumu normal \u015fekilde \u00e7imlenebilir, ancak i\u015flevsel bir endofiti olmayan bitkiler \u00fcretebilir; bu da endofitsiz bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve beraberinde getirdi\u011fi t\u00fcm kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k dezavantajlar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Canl\u0131l\u0131k testi dok\u00fcman\u0131 sa\u011flayan tedarik\u00e7ilerden yeni endofitli tohum sat\u0131n al\u0131n; hasat tarihinin mevcut veya \u00f6nceki sezondan oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Yeni endofitli \u00e7im t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f arazilerde yonca ve \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun yeti\u015ftirilmesiyle ayn\u0131 zamanlama hususlar\u0131n\u0131 ve arazi haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinimlerini payla\u015fan yeti\u015ftirme protokol\u00fc i\u00e7in, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n\u0131z. Baklagil ve \u00e7im ekimi ve tohumlama y\u00f6netimi k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131 \u00dcretimi: Bi\u00e7im Zamanlamas\u0131, Kalite Profili ve Balya Makinesi Ayarlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

\"Ot<\/p>\n

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Kalite profili ve kesim zamanlamas\u0131<\/div>\n

CP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> 8\u201313% (bot a\u015famas\u0131: \u00fcst aral\u0131k; yaz kesimleri: alt aral\u0131k)
\nNDF:<\/strong> 58\u201372% \u2014 e\u015fde\u011fer a\u015famada \u00e7ay\u0131r otundan veya timothy otundan daha y\u00fcksek
\n\u0130lkbahar a\u015famas\u0131 kesimi:<\/strong> CP 11\u201313%, NDF 58\u201364%; ayn\u0131 anda y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek kalite ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ergovalin i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip kesimi.
\nYazl\u0131k sa\u00e7 kesimleri:<\/strong> CP 8\u201310%, NDF 65\u201372%; yaz b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde endofit aktivitesinin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle ergovalin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ilkbahar kesimine g\u00f6re tipik olarak 2\u20133 kat daha y\u00fcksektir.
\nTeslim olmak:<\/strong> D\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda 3-7 ton verim \u2014 \u00f6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda di\u011fer serin iklim otlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck performans g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde verimli.
\nAzim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> \u00c7ay\u0131r otunun kalite-gebelik gecikmesi ili\u015fkisi, \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re daha toleransl\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7im, ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131ndan sonraki her hafta i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 puan d\u00fc\u015ferken, \u00e7ay\u0131r otunda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f 2-3 puan\/hafta aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7imlerin mumsu, sert saplar\u0131 i\u00e7in balyalama makinesi ayarlar\u0131<\/div>\n

Yer h\u0131z\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130lkbahar bi\u00e7imlerinde 3\u20134 mil\/saat; g\u00f6vdelerin daha kal\u0131n ve sert oldu\u011fu yo\u011fun yaz bi\u00e7imlerinde 2,5\u20133,5 mil\/saat.
\nYo\u011funluk yay\u0131:<\/strong> \u0130lkbahar bi\u00e7imlerinde yonca taban de\u011ferinin 10\u201315% \u00fczerinde; yaz bi\u00e7imlerinde ise 15\u201320% \u00fczerinde (sert olgun g\u00f6vdeler s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir)
\n\u015eartland\u0131rma:<\/strong> Uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun saplar\u0131ndaki mumsu k\u00fctik\u00fcl, \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re nem buharla\u015fmas\u0131na daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Dar bir hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan 36-48 saatlik kuruma s\u00fcresini elde etmek i\u00e7in maksimum bas\u0131n\u00e7ta agresif silindirleme \u015fartt\u0131r. Silindir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baklagil saman\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen en dar ayara getirin.
\nStandart ambalaj:<\/strong> At pazar\u0131 belgeleri i\u00e7in a\u011f sarg\u0131; s\u0131\u011f\u0131r pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ip kabul edilebilir. Artan yo\u011funluk ayarlar\u0131ndaki PTO \u015faft tork gereksinimlerine bak\u0131n. tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man ve PTO tahrik sistemi bile\u015fenlerinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pazar kanallar\u0131 ve fiyat primi<\/div>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131:<\/strong> Ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 i\u00e7in $80\u2013$130\/ton; G\u00fcneydo\u011fu \u00fcretiminin \u00e7o\u011funun birincil pazar\u0131.
\nBelgelenmi\u015f yeni endofit:<\/strong> Test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte $20\u2013$45\/ton prim; performans fark\u0131n\u0131 anlayan besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricisi al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli.
\nAt pazar\u0131 (yeni endofit, test edildi):<\/strong> $130\u2013$190\/ton, atlar\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde belgelendirilmi\u015f olarak; gebe k\u0131srak operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in eri\u015fim, ergovalin testinin 0,05 mg\/kg'\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir; eri\u015fim i\u00e7in gebe k\u0131srak operasyonlar\u0131nda ergovalin testinin 0,05 mg\/kg'\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekir.
\nG\u00fcnl\u00fck:<\/strong> \u00c7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda bulunur (yonca ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek NDF, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ham protein i\u00e7erir); nadiren rekabet\u00e7idir.
\nT\u00fcr ve b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re saman piyasas\u0131 fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin. yuvarlak balya makinesi modelleri<\/a> Saman \u00fcretim \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finizle uyumlu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pazar Konumu: \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131n\u0131 Kimler ve Ne Kadar Fiyat Primiyle Sat\u0131n Al\u0131yor?<\/h2>\n

Uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131, neredeyse tamamen endofit durumu ve test dok\u00fcmantasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belirlenen ayr\u0131 bir pazar konumuna sahiptir. Zehirli uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, serin mevsim \u00e7im saman\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat kademesinde i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr; belgelenmi\u015f yeni endofit veya ergovalin testinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 \u00fcretiminin ekonomisini temelden de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek \u00f6nemli primler talep eder.<\/p>\n

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UZUN \u00c7\u0130M OTU SAMAN PAZAR KATMANLARI (2025\u201326 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Ge\u00e7i\u015f B\u00f6lgesi)<\/div>\n
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Ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu<\/div>\n
$80\u2013$130\/ton<\/strong> \u2014 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ana pazar\u0131; test dok\u00fcmantasyonu yok; al\u0131c\u0131lar, ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde i\u015f yapman\u0131n temel maliyeti olarak \u00e7ay\u0131r otu performans indirimini kabul ediyor. Burada de\u011fer belirleyici unsur hacimdir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0130lkbahar kesimli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ergovalin i\u00e7eri\u011fi test edilmi\u015f.<\/div>\n
$100\u2013$155\/ton<\/strong> \u2014 \u0130lkbaharda hasat edilmi\u015f (\u00e7imlenme evresi) ve ergovalin seviyesi 0,40 mg\/kg'\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan, zehirli \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7im. Toksisite riskinin azalmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan performans fark\u0131n\u0131 anlayan al\u0131c\u0131lara sahip besi ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftirme i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in uygundur. Her parti i\u00e7in ergovalin testi belgesi gereklidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yeni bir endofit, belgelendi.<\/div>\n
$120\u2013$175\/ton<\/strong> S\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in; performansa \u00f6nem veren besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 ve inek-buza\u011f\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcn eri\u015fim; pazarlama iddialar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fit dok\u00fcmantasyonu (tohum etiketi kay\u0131tlar\u0131 veya endofit enfeksiyon tipi testi) ve ideal olarak ergovalin do\u011frulama testi gerektirir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Yeni endofit, at pazar\u0131<\/div>\n
$140\u2013$200\/ton<\/strong> Atlar\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde; \u00e7e\u015fitli dok\u00fcmantasyon gerektirir, genel at kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ergovalin testi 0,10 mg\/kg'\u0131n alt\u0131nda veya gebe k\u0131sraklar\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in 0,05 mg\/kg'\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r; a\u011f ile sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, belgelenmi\u015f kalite sunumu beklenir. Bu kategoriye, emtia kanallar\u0131 yerine do\u011frudan pansiyon i\u015fletmelerine ve at beslenme uzmanlar\u0131na pazarlama yaparak eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Uzun \u00c7ay\u0131r Otu Saman\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
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\n\u00c7imimin endofit durumunu laboratuvara numune g\u00f6ndermeden belirleyebilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Tarlada veya saman y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131nda zehirli, yeni endofitli ve endofitsiz uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otunu ay\u0131rt etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir g\u00f6rsel y\u00f6ntem yoktur. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fc de ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Tek do\u011fru y\u00f6ntem, endofit varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemek i\u00e7in canl\u0131 bitki dokusunun (saman de\u011fil) laboratuvar testini yapmakt\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversite, yay\u0131m programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla endofit testi sunmaktad\u0131r: Kentucky \u00dcniversitesi Yem Bitkileri Yay\u0131m Laboratuvar\u0131, Tennessee \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131m Program\u0131 ve di\u011ferleri. Test, tarlan\u0131n 20'den fazla noktas\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131, nemli bir ka\u011f\u0131t havluyla (s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri canl\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in) kapal\u0131 bir plastik torbaya konulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve 24 saat i\u00e7inde laboratuvara g\u00f6nderilmesini i\u00e7erir. Test sonucu, endofitin mevcut olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (enfekte veya enfekte olmayan) ve enfekte olmu\u015f alanlarda zehirli veya yeni tip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Elde edilen samandaki ergovalin i\u00e7eri\u011fi, endofit enfeksiyon oran\u0131ndan tahmin edilebilir, ancak pazarlama ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in yine de do\u011frudan ergovalin saman testi ile do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131n t\u00fcyleri sert ve ilkbaharda t\u00fcy d\u00f6kme s\u00fcreci yava\u015f ilerliyor; bu \u00e7ay\u0131r otu zehirlenmesi olabilir mi?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
K\u0131\u015f t\u00fcylerinin ilkbahar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar kal\u0131n kalmas\u0131 (\"\u00e7ay\u0131rl\u0131k otu\" problemi), \u00e7ay\u0131r otu zehirlenmesinin en s\u0131k g\u00f6zlemlenen ve en g\u00fcvenilir \u015fekilde te\u015fhis edilen belirtilerinden biridir. Prolaktin, mevsimsel t\u00fcy de\u011fi\u015fimini i\u015faret etmekten sorumludur; ergovalin prolaktini bask\u0131lar, bu nedenle zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu yiyen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcyleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015f halde s\u0131cak havaya girerler. Bu, karma\u015f\u0131k bir sorun yarat\u0131r: Korunan k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcyleri, yaz aylar\u0131nda etkili \u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engeller ve yaz sendromu \u0131s\u0131 stresi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirir. S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131z yeterli beslenmeye ra\u011fmen May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak zay\u0131f t\u00fcy d\u00f6kme g\u00f6steriyorsa ve uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu otluyorlarsa veya uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 yiyorlarsa, en olas\u0131 neden \u00e7ay\u0131r otudur. Temsili bir saman \u00f6rne\u011finde ergovalin testi veya otlad\u0131klar\u0131 meradan al\u0131nan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn endofit enfeksiyon testi ile do\u011frulay\u0131n. Yeni endofit \u00e7ay\u0131r otu yiyen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar, normal \u015fekilde, zaman\u0131nda ve \u00e7ay\u0131r otu veya bermuda otu yiyen s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarla ayn\u0131 oranda t\u00fcy d\u00f6kerler.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nUzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 hamile olmayan atlar i\u00e7in tamamen g\u00fcvenli midir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Gebe olmayan, \u00fcreme d\u00f6neminde olmayan atlar (olgun had\u0131m edilmi\u015f atlar, k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde olmayan k\u0131sraklar, hafif i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan atlar) gebe k\u0131sraklara g\u00f6re ergovaline kar\u015f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek toleransa sahiptir ve tipik saman ergovaline konsantrasyonlar\u0131nda (0,2\u20130,8 mg\/kg) k\u0131sa vadede belirgin olumsuz etkiler g\u00f6stermeyebilir veya \u00e7ok az g\u00f6sterebilir. Bununla birlikte, \"belirgin etki yok\" ifadesi \"hi\u00e7bir etki yok\" ile ayn\u0131 anlama gelmez: vazokonstriksiyondan kaynaklanan uzuvlara giden kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, egzersiz tolerans\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur ve herhangi bir atta uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeli ergovaline maruziyeti, diyetten \u00e7ay\u0131r otunu \u00e7\u0131karmadan kesin olarak atfedilmesi zor olan kronik performans sorunlar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc at i\u015fletmesi i\u00e7in en g\u00fcvenli yakla\u015f\u0131m, belgelenmi\u015f temiz saman kullanmakt\u0131r - ya ilkbahar bi\u00e7iminden test edilmi\u015f ergovaline negatif toksik \u00e7e\u015fit, belgelenmi\u015f yeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fidi veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otu olmayan bir t\u00fcr. Ergovaline belgesi olmayan herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131ftaki atlar i\u00e7in uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131 kullanmak, g\u00fcvenli bir varsay\u0131lan se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, bir risk y\u00f6netimi se\u00e7imidir. Atlar i\u00e7in samanla beslenmenin t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesi i\u00e7in, k\u0131sraklar\u0131n\u0131za \u00f6zel bir plan i\u00e7in at veterinerinize veya beslenme uzman\u0131n\u0131za dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nYeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fitleri, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r performans\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131r otuyla nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Kontroll\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma denemelerinde, MaxQ ve di\u011fer yeni endofit \u00e7e\u015fitlerinde s\u0131\u011f\u0131r performans\u0131, temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan istatistiksel olarak \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna e\u015fde\u011fer ve zehirli endofitli \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re \u00fcst\u00fcn bulunmu\u015ftur: otlatma\/besleme d\u00f6nemindeki ortalama g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, yaz boyunca v\u00fccut kondisyon puan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, gebelik oranlar\u0131 ve s\u00fctten kesme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131. Zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re avantaj, \u00f6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda (\u0131s\u0131 stresi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu zaman) ve ortalama g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik sonucu belirledi\u011fi besi i\u015fletmelerinde daha belirgindir. \u00c7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re avantaj ise \u00f6ncelikle yaz aylar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreklilikte yatmaktad\u0131r: Yeni endofitli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, s\u0131cak yazlarda \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna veya d\u00fcz brom otuna g\u00f6re daha verimli bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc koruyarak, serin mevsim otlar\u0131n\u0131n tipik olarak \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Temmuz-A\u011fustos d\u00f6neminde yem s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flar. \u00d6zellikle saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in, yeni endofit \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun ham protein i\u00e7eri\u011fi (ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda 9\u201313%), ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun ham protein i\u00e7eri\u011finden biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, ancak 3\u20137 ton\/acre verim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ay\u0131r otunun sezon ba\u015f\u0131na veriminin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da, hacimle bunu telafi etmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nYaz\u0131n bi\u00e7ilen \u00e7ay\u0131r otunda ergovalin i\u00e7eri\u011fi neden ilkbaharda bi\u00e7ilen \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksektir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Epichlo\u00eb endofitinin ergot alkaloid \u00fcretimi, \u00f6zellikle ABD ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesindeki yaz b\u00fcy\u00fcme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem stresi gibi \u00e7evresel streslere yan\u0131t verir. Endofit, kurakl\u0131k tolerans\u0131 ve stres direncini \u00fcreten ayn\u0131 metabolik yollar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, \u00e7im bitkisi stres alt\u0131ndayken daha fazla ergovalin \u00fcretir. Sonu\u00e7: Bitkilerin \u0131s\u0131 ve nem stresi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Haziran-A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda hasat edilen \u00e7im, tipik olarak daha serin ve daha nemli ilkbahar d\u00f6neminde (Nisan-May\u0131s) hasat edilen \u00e7ime g\u00f6re 2-4 kat daha y\u00fcksek ergovalin i\u00e7erir. Yaz aylar\u0131nda bi\u00e7ilen samanda bu ergovalin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n pratik bir sonucu vard\u0131r: E\u011fer y\u00f6netim hedefiniz enfekte olmu\u015f bir alandan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ergovalinli saman\u0131 \u00fcretmekse, ilkbaharda ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda bi\u00e7mek do\u011fru protokold\u00fcr. Ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda ilkbaharda bi\u00e7ilen \u00e7im, y\u0131l\u0131n herhangi bir bi\u00e7imine g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 anda en y\u00fcksek ham protein (CP), en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ergovalin de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6nl\u00fc kalite optimizasyonu, ilkbahar bi\u00e7imini \u00e7ay\u0131r otu saman\u0131n\u0131n kalitesi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6netim karar\u0131 haline getiriyor.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nZehirli \u00e7im alan\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir endofit bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin ekonomik gerek\u00e7esi nedir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\u00dcniversite yay\u0131m ekonomistleri taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde yeni endofit bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015fin ekonomik gerek\u00e7eleri kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde analiz edilmi\u015f ve 5-10 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli olarak olumlu getiriler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Tennessee \u00dcniversitesi yay\u0131m\u0131ndan temsili bir \u00f6rnek: 50 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck zehirli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu meras\u0131n\u0131n yeni endofit bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle 50 ba\u015fl\u0131k bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc desteklenmi\u015ftir. Herbisit, tohum ($7\u2013$14\/lb \u00d7 15\u201320 lbs\/acre ekim oran\u0131) ve nadas y\u0131l\u0131nda kaybedilen \u00fcretim dahil olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k $175\u2013$280\/acre = toplam $8.750\u2013$14.000. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131: Ortalama g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 0,2\u20130,4 lbs\/g\u00fcn \u00d7 90 besi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00d7 50 ba\u015f \u00d7 $0,85\/lb = $765\u2013$1.530\/y\u0131l art\u0131 gebelik oran\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve buza\u011f\u0131 s\u00fctten kesme a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131. Geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi: Mevcut s\u0131\u011f\u0131r fiyatlar\u0131na ve temel s\u00fcr\u00fcdeki toksikozun \u015fiddetine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak genellikle 6\u201312 y\u0131l. Saman pazar\u0131na eri\u015fim i\u00e7in, belgelenmi\u015f yeni endofit saman i\u00e7in ek $20\u2013$45\/ton prim, pazarlanan 20 ton i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k $400\u2013$900 gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir ve geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm karar\u0131 \u00e7iftli\u011fe \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr; Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia ve Virginia'daki \u00fcniversite yay\u0131m ofisleri, belirli araziniz ve \u00fcretim sisteminiz i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ekonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sayfalar\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"foragebaler.com<\/p>\n

Uzun yaprakl\u0131 \u00e7im saman\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in balya makinesi ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/h3>\n

Bize \u00e7im t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc (zehirli KY-31, yeni endofit veya endofitsiz), birincil bi\u00e7imi (ilkbahar veya yaz), hedef pazar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, kay\u0131tl\u0131 at pazar\u0131 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k) ve trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn PTO beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bildirin. Biz de \u00e7im \u00fcretim sisteminiz i\u00e7in yo\u011funluk yay ayar\u0131n\u0131, \u015fartland\u0131rma silindiri bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u011f sarma konfig\u00fcrasyonunu onayl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay\u0131r Otu \u00dcretim Tesisini Kurun<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cool-Season Grass \u2014 Endophyte Safety and Production Guide Tall Fescue Hay: Endophyte, Toxicosis, and Horse Safety Tall fescue grows on more U.S. acres than any other cool-season grass, and the majority of those acres harbor a toxic endophyte that causes documented economic losses in beef cattle and poses a genuine reproductive threat to pregnant mares. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forage-baler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1064"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1066,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1064\/revisions\/1066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}