{"id":1082,"date":"2026-06-04T06:52:30","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T06:52:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/?p=1082"},"modified":"2026-06-04T06:52:30","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T06:52:30","slug":"winter-annual-hay-triticale-cereal-rye-annual-ryegrass-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/winter-annual-hay-triticale-cereal-rye-annual-ryegrass-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ot: Triticale, Tah\u0131l \u00c7avdar\u0131 ve \u00c7im"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
Serin Mevsim Y\u0131ll\u0131k Yem Bitkileri \u2014 G\u00fcney ve Ge\u00e7i\u015f B\u00f6lgesi \u00dcretimi<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ot: Triticale, Tah\u0131l \u00c7avdar\u0131 ve \u00c7im<\/h1>\n

Kas\u0131m ay\u0131ndan Nisan ay\u0131na kadar s\u0131cak mevsimde yeti\u015fen \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar uykuya ge\u00e7ti\u011finde bile, besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131 yemeye devam eder. K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar \u2013 tritikale, tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131 ve y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im \u2013 sonbaharda ekilen tarlalardan, ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir sistemin doldurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yem a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatan y\u00fcksek kaliteli saman \u00fcretir. Bu k\u0131lavuz, \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc de yan yana kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, kaliteyi belirleyen dar bi\u00e7me aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131r\u0131r ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlere \u00f6zg\u00fc kal\u0131n sapl\u0131 balyalama zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcr Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Tablosuna bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman, ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin kapatamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fcretim a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 neden dolduruyor?<\/h2>\n

ABD'nin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu, Orta G\u00fcney ve G\u00fcney Ovalar\u0131'ndaki \u00e7o\u011fu besi ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftirme i\u015fletmesinin yem takviminde yap\u0131sal bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r: s\u0131cak mevsim \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar\u0131 (bermuda otu, yerli \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, bahia otu) yakla\u015f\u0131k Kas\u0131m ay\u0131ndan Nisan ay\u0131na kadar hi\u00e7bir \u00fcr\u00fcn vermez. So\u011fuk mevsim \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar\u0131 (meyve otu, uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu, timothy otu) bu bo\u015flu\u011fun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 doldurur, ancak \u00f6zel arazilerde sonbaharda ekilen kal\u0131c\u0131 tarlalar gerektirir. K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar, geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 doldurma konusunda benzersiz bir yetene\u011fe sahiptir; nakit \u00fcr\u00fcn hasad\u0131ndan sonra sonbaharda ekilir, ilkbaharda y\u00fcksek kaliteli saman hasad\u0131 sa\u011flar ve bu saman, bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 veya ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131nda bi\u00e7ilebilir, ard\u0131ndan yazl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in tarladan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. Kal\u0131c\u0131 tarla yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 gerekmez ve \u00f6zel saman ekim alan\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n

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45-60 g\u00fcn<\/div>\n
G\u00fcney \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgesinde k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar\u0131n ilkbaharda ye\u015fermesinden hasat a\u015famas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa; bu da onlar\u0131 sonbahar ekiminden sonra en h\u0131zl\u0131 saman \u00fcreten se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131na sokuyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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3,5\u20136,5 T\/acre<\/div>\n
Ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesinde iyi y\u00f6netim alt\u0131nda tritikale verim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014 \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcretim sisteminde sezon ba\u015f\u0131na tek bi\u00e7imde elde edilen, serin iklimde yeti\u015fen saman bitkileri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek tek sezon verimlerinden biri \u2014<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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B\u00f6lge 5\u20139<\/div>\n
ABD Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n (USDA) dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri, en az \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcrden birinin saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi b\u00f6lgeleri kapsar; bu b\u00f6lgeler, G\u00fcney'den Kuzey Orta Bat\u0131'ya kadar uzan\u0131r ve t\u00fcr se\u00e7imi k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nemine uygun olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkileri ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan cazip k\u0131lan \u00e7ift \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirme f\u0131rsat\u0131:<\/strong> 7-8. b\u00f6lgede bulunan ve May\u0131s-Ekim aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda soya fasulyesi veya m\u0131s\u0131r yeti\u015ftirilen 100 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck bir tarladan, Ekim-May\u0131s aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 araziden d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 3-6 ton tritikale veya \u00e7avdar saman\u0131 elde edilebilir. Ek arazi maliyeti olmadan ve minimum girdi yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla (tohum, g\u00fcbre ve yak\u0131t i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 1.500-1.500 TL), \u00e7ift \u00fcr\u00fcn ekilen arazilerde k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman \u00fcretimi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'daki di\u011fer saman \u00fcretim sistemlerine k\u0131yasla genellikle d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na en y\u00fcksek kar marj\u0131n\u0131 elde eder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Triticale: Y\u00fcksek Verimli, Y\u00fcksek Kaliteli Hibrit Se\u00e7enek<\/h2>\n

\"Yuvarlak<\/p>\n

Triticale (\u00d7 Triticosecale<\/em>) bu\u011fday\u0131n bir melezidir (Triticum<\/em>) ve \u00e7avdar (Secale<\/em>Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn, bu\u011fday\u0131n lezzetini ve besin de\u011ferini, \u00e7avdar\u0131n so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle birle\u015ftirir. Ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesi ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu i\u00e7in bir saman bitkisi olarak tritikale, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar aras\u0131nda en iyi verim-kalite dengesini sunar ve toprak ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve ekim zamanlamas\u0131 tam olarak geli\u015fmesine izin verdi\u011finde ilk tercihtir.<\/p>\n

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Kalite profili ve hasat d\u00f6nemi<\/div>\n
\u00d6ny\u00fckleme a\u015famas\u0131nda CP:<\/strong> 12\u201317%
\nNDF \u00f6ny\u00fckleme a\u015famas\u0131nda:<\/strong> 48\u201358%
\nNSC \u00fcr\u00fcn yelpazesi:<\/strong> 8\u201314% \u00f6ny\u00fcklemede
\nTeslim olmak:<\/strong> 3,5\u20136,5 ton\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm
\nHasat d\u00f6nemi:<\/strong> Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131ndan erken \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemine kadar 7-14 g\u00fcn; \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki aras\u0131nda en geni\u015f kesim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6neminden sonraki her gecikme haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in kalite yakla\u015f\u0131k 1-2 CP puan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.
\nBa\u015fl\u0131ca avantaj:<\/strong> \u00dcst\u00fcn verim-kalite dengesi; \u00e7avdara g\u00f6re daha esnek hasat zamanlamas\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kurulu\u015f ve \u00fcretim<\/div>\n

Tohum ekim oran\u0131:<\/strong> Dekar ba\u015f\u0131na 100-120 libre ekim; 120-140 libre serpme. Tohum ekim derinli\u011fi:<\/strong> 1-1,5 in\u00e7. Sonbahar ekim d\u00f6nemi (7. B\u00f6lge):<\/strong> 15 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 10 Kas\u0131m; B\u00f6lge 5\u20136: 15 A\u011fustos \u2013 1 Ekim. Azot y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> \u0130yi bir geli\u015fim i\u00e7in ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda 30-40 lbs N g\u00fcbrelemesi gereklidir; ilkbahar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda (7. b\u00f6lgede \u015eubat-Mart aylar\u0131nda) d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 60-80 lbs N g\u00fcbrelemesi, 5 tondan fazla verim sa\u011flayan verimi tetikler. N g\u00fcbrelemesi yap\u0131lmazsa, tritikale verimi potansiyelin 40-501 TP5T alt\u0131nda olabilir. pH tolerans\u0131:<\/strong> 5,5\u20137,5; bu\u011fdaya g\u00f6re hafif asidik topraklara daha toleransl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Triticale'ye \u00f6zg\u00fc balyalama zorluklar\u0131<\/div>\n

Triticale saplar\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme evresinde 40-60 in\u00e7 y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131r; bu, optimum kesim evresindeki \u00e7ay\u0131r otu veya yoncaya g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha uzundur. Bu y\u00fckseklik, tek tek saplar\u0131n toplama geni\u015fli\u011fini a\u015farak emme sistemini t\u0131kayan yap\u0131sal bloklar olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi uzun sapl\u0131 y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar yarat\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131r triticale y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131nda yer h\u0131z\u0131 2,5-3,5 mph'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir; bu h\u0131zda t\u0131kanmalar meydana gelirse, balyalama i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce h\u0131z\u0131 daha da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn veya y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daralt\u0131n. \u015eartland\u0131rma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; kal\u0131n, i\u00e7i bo\u015f triticale sap\u0131, y\u00fczey kuruduktan sonra 36-48 saat boyunca \u00e7ekirdek nemini korur. Balyalama i\u015flemi, y\u00fczeyde de\u011fil, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen -171 TP5T nem seviyesinde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Tah\u0131l \u00c7avdar\u0131: K\u0131\u015fa Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 Se\u00e7enek ve Dar Kalite Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

Tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131 (Secale cereale<\/em>ABD'deki saman \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in mevcut en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkidir; 34-38\u00b0F civar\u0131ndaki toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7imlenir, di\u011fer k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k tah\u0131llardan daha ge\u00e7 sonbaharda ekilebilir ve tritikale ve y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otunun uykuda oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ye\u015fil b\u00fcy\u00fcme sa\u011flar. Sonbahar ekiminin tritikale ekim penceresinden sonraya ertelendi\u011fi \u00fcretim sistemlerinde, tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131 genellikle tek uygun k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k se\u00e7enektir. Kalite tavan\u0131 tritikaleden biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve hasat penceresi \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr aras\u0131nda en dar olan\u0131d\u0131r; her iki s\u0131n\u0131rlama da do\u011fru y\u00f6netim dikkatiyle y\u00f6netilebilir.<\/p>\n

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5-7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hasat penceresi sorunu<\/div>\n

\u00c7avdar\u0131n, bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015faklanmaya kadar olan kalite ge\u00e7i\u015fi, di\u011fer yayg\u0131n saman bitkilerine g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda (ba\u015fak, bitkinin tepesinde bir \u015fi\u015fkinlik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, en \u00fcstteki yaprak k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine tamamen kapanm\u0131\u015f halde), \u00e7avdar 10\u2013151 TP5T ham protein (CP) ve orta d\u00fczeyde n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) de\u011ferlerine sahiptir. Tipik bahar s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda 5-7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ba\u015fak olu\u015fur ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmeye ba\u015flar; bu noktada CP 3-5 puan d\u00fc\u015fer ve sap \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uzar, b\u00f6ylece saman kalitesinden ziyade s\u0131\u011f\u0131r kaba yemi aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda test edilen kaba, sapl\u0131 bir saman olu\u015fur. Beklenen ba\u015faklanmadan \u00f6nceki 2 haftal\u0131k d\u00f6nemde \u00e7avdar tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak kontrol etmek, kaliteli saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir; ayn\u0131 tarladan elde edilen 10\u2013141 TP5T CP saman ile 6\u201381 TP5T CP kaba yem aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve ergot notu<\/div>\n

\u00c7avdar, Kuzey Amerika'da en yayg\u0131n olarak yeti\u015ftirilen k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisidir ve her sonbaharda ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyonlar\u0131nda geni\u015f alanlara ekilir. Bu alanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda saman \u00fcretimi potansiyeli vard\u0131r ancak bu potansiyel hi\u00e7bir zaman de\u011ferlendirilmez; \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi hasat edilmek yerine yok edilir. \u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7avdar\u0131n balyalama protokolleri \u015furada yer almaktad\u0131r: \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi balyalama k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>Ergot sorusuna gelince: ergot (Claviceps purpurea<\/em>\u00c7avdar tanelerinde sklerotlar (koyu renkli cisimler) olu\u015fturan ergot, enfekte olmu\u015f tanelerde hayvanlarda ergotizme neden olabilir. Ba\u015faklanmadan \u00f6nce, yani tohum geli\u015fiminden \u00f6nceki bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda bi\u00e7ilen saman, minimum ergot maruziyeti riski ta\u015f\u0131r; tehlike esas olarak, ergot bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f taneleri kal\u0131nt\u0131da b\u0131rakan bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verlerden elde edilen \u00e7avdar sap\u0131ndad\u0131r. Do\u011fru zamanlanm\u0131\u015f bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda bi\u00e7ilen saman, esasen ergot i\u00e7ermeyen bir \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00c7im: Il\u0131man \u0130klim \u00dcretimi \u0130\u00e7in En Y\u00fcksek Kalite Se\u00e7ene\u011fi<\/h2>\n

\"Otlakta<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im (Lolium multiflorum<\/em>(\u0130talyan \u00e7avdar\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdardan farkl\u0131d\u0131r (Lolium perenne<\/em>Bu ayr\u0131m \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki t\u00fcr\u00fcn y\u00f6netim gereksinimleri, tar\u0131msal dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve NSC profilleri tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc tek bir sezonda tamamlar: sonbaharda ekim, h\u0131zl\u0131 vejetatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme, ilkbaharda tohum \u00fcretimi ve ard\u0131ndan yaz\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm. Saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in bu y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, vejetatif ve \u00fcreme b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u015famalar\u0131na g\u00f6re zamanlaman\u0131n kaliteyi belirledi\u011fi ve \u00fcreticinin kalite penceresini yakalamak i\u00e7in sezonda yaln\u0131zca bir \u015fans\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

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Kalite avantajlar\u0131 ve NSC de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/div>\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, vejetatif a\u015famada (tohum ba\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fumundan \u00f6nce) 14\u201320% ham protein (CP) de\u011ferine sahiptir; bu, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcr aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek CP de\u011feridir ve ilk bi\u00e7im yonca ile rekabet edebilir. NDF de\u011feri 45\u201358%'dir ve vejetatif y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im i\u00e7in NDFD (48 saatlik) de\u011ferleri, serin mevsim \u00e7imleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r (baz\u0131 denemelerde 70\u201380%), bu da gen\u00e7 yaprak dokusunun \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek sindirilebilirli\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131r. NSC endi\u015fesi: Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen karbonhidratlar (fruktanlar) biriktirir; tipik NSC de\u011feri 12\u201322%'dir. Metabolik atlara y\u00f6nelik pazarlarda test zorunludur ve y\u00fcksek NSC de\u011feri, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck NSC parti testi olmadan ins\u00fclin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi olan atlar i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im saman\u0131n\u0131 uygunsuz hale getirir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7oklu kesimler ve \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fin giderilmesi<\/div>\n

Il\u0131man iklimlerde (7-8. b\u00f6lge, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 ovas\u0131), y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im 2-3 bi\u00e7im verir: k\u0131\u015f\/erken ilkbahar vejetatif bi\u00e7imi (en y\u00fcksek kalite), ge\u00e7 ilkbahar bi\u00e7imi (\u00fcreme geli\u015fimi ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a kalite d\u00fc\u015fer) ve en so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde bazen sonbahar yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme bi\u00e7imi. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7imle ili\u015fkili \u015fi\u015fkinlik endi\u015fesi, g\u00fcr vejetatif bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn taze otlat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgilidir - taze baklagil otlatmas\u0131ndakiyle ayn\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr protein\/k\u00f6p\u00fck mekanizmas\u0131. Uygun \u015fekilde kurutulmu\u015f kuru saman i\u00e7in, kurutma i\u015flemi k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fe neden olan proteinleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozar ve kurutulmu\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im saman\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u015fi\u015fkinlik nadirdir. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na pazarlama yapan \u00fcreticiler, taze otlatma uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r, ancak uygun \u015fekilde kurutulmu\u015f kuru y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im saman\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir \u015fi\u015fkinlik uyar\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131 zorunlu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00dc\u00e7 T\u00fcr\u00fcn Kalite ve \u00dcretim Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Belirli bir \u00e7iftlik ve pazar i\u00e7in tritikale, tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131 ve y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak, kalite, verim, hasat zamanlamas\u0131 esnekli\u011fi ve b\u00f6lgesel uyum \u00f6zelliklerini ayn\u0131 anda de\u011ferlendirmeyi gerektirir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in temel \u00fcretim parametrelerini \u00f6zetlemektedir. Hi\u00e7bir t\u00fcr evrensel olarak \u00fcst\u00fcn de\u011fildir; do\u011fru se\u00e7im, iklim b\u00f6lgenize, ekim tarihi esnekli\u011fine, hedef pazara ve balyalama kapasitesi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametre<\/th>\nTriticale<\/th>\nTah\u0131l \u00c7avdar<\/th>\nY\u0131ll\u0131k \u00c7avdar Otu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Optimum kesim a\u015famas\u0131<\/td>\nerken kafaya bot<\/td>\nBayrak yapra\u011f\u0131<\/td>\nVejetatif (ba\u015f \u00f6ncesi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CP optimum a\u015famada<\/td>\n12\u201317%<\/td>\n10\u201315%<\/td>\n14\u201320%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NDF optimum a\u015famada<\/td>\n48\u201358%<\/td>\n55\u201365%<\/td>\n45\u201358%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NSC optimum a\u015famada<\/td>\n8\u201314%<\/td>\n9\u201315%<\/td>\n12\u201322% \u26a0 atlar i\u00e7in test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tipik verim (ton\/d\u00f6n\u00fcm)<\/td>\n3,5\u20136,5<\/td>\n2.0\u20134.5<\/td>\n1,5\u20133,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hasat d\u00f6nemi (g\u00fcn)<\/td>\n7\u201314<\/td>\n5\u20137 \u26a0 dar<\/td>\nDaha geni\u015f (bitkisel)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
So\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k (minimum ekim s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/td>\n40\u201345\u00b0F toprak<\/td>\n34\u201338\u00b0F toprak<\/td>\n45\u201350\u00b0F toprak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kuruma zorlu\u011fu<\/td>\nOrta (kal\u0131n g\u00f6vdeli)<\/td>\nOrta-y\u00fcksek (sert, kaba)<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek (\u00e7ok sulu)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tohum ekim oran\u0131<\/td>\n100\u2013120 lbs\/acre<\/td>\n100\u2013120 lbs\/acre<\/td>\n20\u201330 lbs\/acre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
En iyisi<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek verim + kalite dengesi, stok\u00e7u pazar\u0131<\/td>\nGe\u00e7 ekim, en so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgeler, \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi entegrasyonu<\/td>\nS\u00fct s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 kaba yemi, \u0131l\u0131man iklim, \u00e7oklu bi\u00e7im<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Tohum Ekimi ve Bitki Geli\u015fimi: Her \u015eeyi Belirleyen Takvim<\/h2>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman kalitesi, ekim tarihiyle ba\u015flar; bu durum, \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k saman bitkilerine g\u00f6re k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131klar i\u00e7in daha da kritiktir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ikinci bir \u015fans yoktur. K\u00f6t\u00fc geli\u015fen \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ertesi y\u0131l varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr; ancak sonbaharda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan veya ilkbaharda tam verimini verecek kadar ge\u00e7 geli\u015fen bir k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, o sezon i\u00e7in tamamen kaybedilir ve toparlanma se\u00e7ene\u011fi kalmaz.<\/p>\n

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B\u00d6LGE VE T\u00dcRLERE G\u00d6RE SONBAHAR TOHUM EK\u0130M D\u00d6NEMLER\u0130 (g\u00fcnler yakla\u015f\u0131k de\u011ferlerdir; yerel ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n)<\/div>\n
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B\u00f6lge 8\u20139 (Derin G\u00fcney)<\/div>\n
Triticale ve tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131:<\/strong> 1 Ekim \u2013 1 Aral\u0131k. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im:<\/strong> 15 Ekim \u2013 15 Aral\u0131k. Sonbahar s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 daha yava\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in daha ge\u00e7 ekim tarihleri \u200b\u200bde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr; daha erken ekim, k\u0131\u015ftan \u00f6nce karbonhidrat rezervlerini t\u00fcketen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sonbahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine neden olabilir. Ama\u00e7: \u0130lk \u00f6nemli so\u011fuk hava dalgas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce 4-6 in\u00e7 sonbahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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B\u00f6lge 6\u20137 (Orta G\u00fcney, Ge\u00e7i\u015f B\u00f6lgesi)<\/div>\n
Triticale:<\/strong> 15 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 31 Ekim (ana d\u00f6nem). \u00c7avdar tah\u0131l\u0131:<\/strong> 15 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 15 Kas\u0131m (\u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6nem aras\u0131nda en geni\u015f ekim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131). Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im:<\/strong> 15 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 31 Ekim. 31 Ekim'den sonra, 6. b\u00f6lgede y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im ekimi g\u00fcvenilir olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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B\u00f6lge 5\u20136 (Orta Bat\u0131, Orta Atlantik, Apala\u015f Da\u011flar\u0131)<\/div>\n
Triticale ve tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131:<\/strong> 15 A\u011fustos \u2013 1 Ekim. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im:<\/strong> 6. b\u00f6lgenin kuzeyinde saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilmez (yetersiz sonbahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, orta d\u00fczeyde k\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k). \u00c7avdar, \u00fcst\u00fcn so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesinin kuzey ucunda ba\u015fl\u0131ca k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkidir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Azot y\u00f6netimi \u2014 verim \u00e7arpan\u0131<\/div>\n

K\u0131\u015f sonlar\u0131nda (7. b\u00f6lgede \u015eubat; 6. b\u00f6lgede Mart) yap\u0131lan \u00fcst g\u00fcbreleme azot uygulamas\u0131, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar\u0131n verimini en \u00e7ok etkileyen tek girdi karar\u0131d\u0131r. Georgia \u00dcniversitesi yay\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve LSU Tar\u0131m Merkezi'nden yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 60-90 lbs N \u00fcst g\u00fcbreleme uygulanan k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar\u0131n, g\u00fcbrelenmemi\u015f ekimlere g\u00f6re 40-701 TP5T daha fazla verim sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak 40\u00b0F'nin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu ve mahsul\u00fcn aktif b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi zamanlarda (genellikle beklenen ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131ndan 4-6 hafta \u00f6nce) uygulay\u0131n. \u00dcre veya UAN \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi uygulay\u0131n; buharla\u015fma kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu kuru ko\u015fullarda amonyum nitrattan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. \u00dcst g\u00fcbreleme azotu olmadan, m\u00fckemmel \u00e7e\u015fitler bile verim potansiyellerinin alt\u0131nda kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Stand ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 ve nedenleri<\/div>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkilerin en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k nedeni, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 ekim (k\u0131\u015fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in yetersiz sonbahar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi), \u00e7ok s\u0131\u011f ekim (\u00e7avdar ve tritikale 2,5 cm'den daha az derinli\u011fe ekildi\u011finde, y\u00fczeydeki toprak neminin tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 genellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131na sahiptir) ve hasat sonras\u0131 trafikten kaynaklanan toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00f6klerin topra\u011fa n\u00fcfuz etmesini engellemesidir. Tarla haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 notu: M\u0131s\u0131r veya soya fasulyesi an\u0131z\u0131na do\u011frudan ekilen k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkiler (toprak i\u015flemesiz veya \u015feritli i\u015fleme), \u00e7imlenmeden \u00f6nce kabuk ba\u011flayan yo\u011fun i\u015flenmi\u015f tarlalara g\u00f6re s\u00fcrekli olarak daha y\u00fcksek tutunma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131\u015fan bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, tohum b\u00f6lgesinden buharla\u015fmay\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve \u00e7imlenen tohum i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli toprak temas\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Y\u0131ll\u0131k Bitkilerin Balya Haline Getirilmesi: Ortak Zorluklar ve T\u00fcrlere \u00d6zg\u00fc D\u00fczenlemeler<\/h2>\n

\"Tah\u0131l<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fcreticinin ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cak mevsim otlar\u0131 ve so\u011fuk mevsim baklagillerinden farkl\u0131 bir dizi balyalama zorlu\u011fuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Bu ortak \u00f6zellikleri ve her birinin balya haznesinde farkl\u0131 davranmas\u0131na neden olan t\u00fcre \u00f6zg\u00fc ayarlamalar\u0131 anlamak, en yayg\u0131n kalite ve mekanik sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

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ORTAK ZORLUKLAR \u2014 T\u00dcM \u00dc\u00c7 KI\u015e YILLI\u011eI<\/div>\n
Kal\u0131n, i\u00e7i bo\u015f sap:<\/strong> Her \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fcn de g\u00f6vdeleri, yonca veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otuna g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ve daha i\u00e7i bo\u015f kesitlidir. Bu durum, yaprak malzemesine k\u0131yasla daha yava\u015f i\u00e7 kuruma sa\u011flar ve g\u00f6vde duvar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p nemin h\u0131zla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in agresif bir \u015fartland\u0131rma (maksimum silindir bas\u0131nc\u0131) gerektirir. Uygun kuruma hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman, \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f malzemeye g\u00f6re balyalama nemine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in 20-301 TP5T daha uzun s\u00fcreye ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/div>\n
Y\u00fcksek y\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fctlesi (ayak ba\u015f\u0131na):<\/strong> K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar, di\u011fer saman mahsullerine g\u00f6re do\u011frusal ayak ba\u015f\u0131na en a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlardan birini olu\u015fturur. Dekar ba\u015f\u0131na 5 ton verimle tam verim veren tritikale, tek bir 30 fitlik bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver ge\u00e7i\u015finde 100 fit ba\u015f\u0131na 600-800 lbs a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturabilir. Bu yo\u011funluk, y\u0131\u011f\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce operat\u00f6r\u00fcn yonca temel h\u0131z\u0131ndan 20-30% yer h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc gerektirir. Yonca h\u0131z\u0131nda girmek, genellikle 100 fit i\u00e7inde kamyonun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine neden olur.<\/div>\n
E\u011fimli pencere dard\u0131r:<\/strong> Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n halindeki ot, nem oran\u0131 -50%'ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani yapraklar k\u0131smen kuru ancak saplar hala \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde esnek oldu\u011funda t\u0131rm\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nem oran\u0131 %'nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde t\u0131rm\u0131klama, yaprak u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n (ham proteinin -70%'sini ta\u015f\u0131yan) yaprak-k\u0131l\u0131f birle\u015fim yerinde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve yapra\u011f\u0131n yere d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olur. \u00c7ok kuru k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k otun t\u0131rm\u0131klanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan kalite kayb\u0131 2-4 ham protein puan\u0131 olabilir; bu da iyi besilik otu ile birinci s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00fct otu aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131r. Yapraklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan t\u0131rm\u0131klama zamanlama protokol\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r. saman bi\u00e7me i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 optimizasyon k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Triticale t\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc: uzun sapl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma riski<\/div>\n

50-60 in\u00e7 uzunlu\u011fundaki tritikale saplar\u0131, balya makinesinin 4-5 fitlik toplama geni\u015fli\u011finin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaplayarak, beslemeyi engellemek yerine emmeyi t\u0131kayan yap\u0131sal bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc olu\u015fturabilir. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc t\u0131kanmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu toplama t\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olan kademeli a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeden farkl\u0131d\u0131r; aniden olu\u015fur ve olu\u015ftuktan sonra yer h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemez. \u00d6nleme: Balyalama i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce sap y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011finin toplama geni\u015fli\u011finin 'inden fazla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun; sap k\u00fcmeleri toplamaya girmeden \u00f6nce balya makinesinin toplama sapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bunlar\u0131 par\u00e7alay\u0131n. Tritikale sap y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n artan y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7in PTO tahrik \u00f6zellikleri \u015furada bulunmaktad\u0131r: tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man ve PTO tahrik sistemi bile\u015fenlerinin \u00f6zellikleri<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7avdar tah\u0131l\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc: iri saplar ve toz<\/div>\n

Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7tikten sonra bi\u00e7ilen olgun \u00e7avdar, di\u011fer saman bitkilerine g\u00f6re en kaba ve sert g\u00f6vde dokular\u0131ndan birini geli\u015ftirir; bu doku, timothy saman\u0131ndan ziyade bu\u011fday saman\u0131na daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu yonca ayar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karmak, \u00e7avdar\u0131n sert g\u00f6vdelerinin balyalar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bo\u015fluk olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Kurakl\u0131k stresi ya\u015fanan veya kurak y\u0131llarda, \u00e7avdar kuru yaprak par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli miktarda saman ve toz \u00fcretir; yo\u011fun tozlu ko\u015fullarda balya operat\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in solunum korumas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. Benzer g\u00f6vde dokular\u0131n\u0131 ele alan saman balyalama protokolleri \u015furada yer almaktad\u0131r: saman ve mahsul art\u0131\u011f\u0131 balyalama k\u0131lavuzu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im bitkisine \u00f6zg\u00fc: \u00e7ok yava\u015f kuruma<\/div>\n

7-8. b\u00f6lgelerde ilk bi\u00e7imde y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, -801 TP5T nem oran\u0131na sahip olabilir; bu, tipik olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan di\u011fer t\u00fcm saman bitkilerinden daha y\u00fcksektir. Yonca i\u00e7in standart 24-36 saatlik kuruma s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir; bu nem oran\u0131ndaki y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, balyalama nemine (14-171 TP5T \u00e7ekirdek) ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce 48-72 saat boyunca iyi bir kuruma havas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bi\u00e7im s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131ray\u0131 geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde yaymak ve bi\u00e7me i\u015fleminden hemen sonra \u015fartland\u0131rmak gereklidir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da g\u00fcvenilir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im kurutmas\u0131 i\u00e7in en az 3 g\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015fli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck nemli (601 TP5T'nin alt\u0131nda) bir hava penceresi gereklidir. Tahmin edilen 2 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hava pencerelerinde ilk bi\u00e7imde y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im bi\u00e7meyi denemeyin; sonu\u00e7 olarak 10 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde k\u00fcflenecek 221 TP5T nem oran\u0131na sahip 700 lb'lik balyalar elde edersiniz. Yuvarlak balya makinesi modelleri<\/a> Entegre nem sens\u00f6rleri sayesinde, bu uzun kurutma s\u00fcrelerinde hedef nem seviyesinin \u00fczerinde balyalama riski \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Pazar Kanallar\u0131: G\u00fcney Besi S\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131 ve \u00c7ift \u00dcr\u00fcn Ekonomik Modeli<\/h2>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman \u00fcretiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ekonomik itici g\u00fcc\u00fc, G\u00fcney ve G\u00fcney Ovalar\u0131'ndaki besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 end\u00fcstrisidir; \u00f6zellikle de sonbaharda hafif buza\u011f\u0131 veya bir ya\u015f\u0131ndaki hayvanlar\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131p, ilkbaharda daha y\u00fcksek kilolu besilik veya otla beslenmi\u015f hayvanlar olarak satan i\u015fletmelerin segmentidir. Bu pazar, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman\u0131 \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferli bulmaktad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu saman, s\u0131cak mevsim meralar\u0131n\u0131n uykuda oldu\u011fu Kas\u0131m-Nisan d\u00f6neminde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 1,5-2,5 lbs a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli ham protein ve sindirilebilir enerjiyi sa\u011flar. Yetersiz kalitede saman nedeniyle 60 g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u0131\u015f kazanc\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden bir besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015fletmesi, artan bir ekonomik bedelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r: kaybedilen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 art\u0131 hedef sat\u0131\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereken ek g\u00fcnler.<\/p>\n

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Besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 piyasa fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/div>\n

$90\u2013$145\/ton<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f tritikale veya \u00e7avdar saman\u0131 i\u00e7in, ba\u015fak-bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 kalitesinde (CP 12\u201316%, NDF 50\u201360%). Yem analizinde CP \u226514% olan test edilmi\u015f saman, belirli bir ADG hedefine g\u00f6re yemleme yapan besi i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in bu aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst ucunda yer almaktad\u0131r. Hacim ve yak\u0131nl\u0131k, k\u0131\u015f boyunca 50-300 balya ihtiyac\u0131 olan besi al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in fiyat\u0131 kalite kadar etkiler. 1 Kas\u0131m'dan \u00f6nce teslimat, erken yerle\u015ftirmeyi kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan besi i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir katma de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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S\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve \u00f6zel \u00fcr\u00fcnler pazarlar\u0131<\/div>\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im bitkisinin vejetatif evresi:<\/strong> CP 16\u201320%, belgelendirme ile birlikte $130\u2013$180\/ton fiyat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baz\u0131 s\u00fct s\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131 kaba yem programlar\u0131na uygundur; y\u00fcksek NDFD de\u011feri, lif sindirilebilirli\u011finin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu s\u00fct \u00fcretimini desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle uygun hale getirir. At pazar\u0131:<\/strong> NSC de\u011feri 12%'nin alt\u0131nda olan test edilmi\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, $140\u2013$200\/ton fiyat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda at pazarlar\u0131na girebilir; de\u011fi\u015fken NSC profili, test etmeyi zorunlu hale getirir ve y\u00fcksek tavan (22% NSC), bi\u00e7me a\u015famas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak t\u00fcm partilerin atlar i\u00e7in uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi balyalama entegrasyonu<\/div>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Orta Bat\u0131'daki bir\u00e7ok k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, nakit \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyonlar\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi olarak ekilir ve hasat edilmek yerine ilkbaharda sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Balya kapasitesine sahip \u00e7iftlikler i\u00e7in bu \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi tarlalar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli saman \u00fcretimi anlam\u0131na gelir: tohum ve g\u00fcbre maliyeti zaten bitki koruma b\u00fct\u00e7esine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve tek ek maliyet bi\u00e7me, balyalama ve depolamad\u0131r. Bu tarlalar\u0131n \u00f6zel balyalama i\u015flemi, fazla balyalama kapasitesine sahip saman i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in gelir sa\u011flar. Benzersiz sonland\u0131rma zamanlamas\u0131 gereksinimlerini ele alan \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi balyalama protokolleri, \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi \u00fcretimi literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde ve NRCS \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi sonland\u0131rma k\u0131lavuzunda belgelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Y\u0131ll\u0131k Saman Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
\n
\nEn iyi kalite i\u00e7in tritikale saman\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak ne zaman bi\u00e7meliyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Triticale saman\u0131 i\u00e7in en uygun bi\u00e7me zaman\u0131, ba\u015fak tamamen bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 (en \u00fcstteki yaprak k\u0131l\u0131f\u0131) i\u00e7inde kapan\u0131p g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr silindirik bir \u015fi\u015fkinlik olu\u015fturdu\u011funda ancak hen\u00fcz k\u0131l\u0131f ucundan \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani ba\u015faklanma evresindedir. Bu evrede, triticale, b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcndeki herhangi bir bi\u00e7ime g\u00f6re en y\u00fcksek sindirilebilirli\u011fe sahip olup, ham protein (CP) de\u011feri 12\u201317% ve n\u00f6tr deterjan lifi (NDF) de\u011feri 48\u201358%'dir. Ba\u015faklanma evresini, triticale yakla\u015f\u0131k 30\u201336 in\u00e7 boyunda oldu\u011funda ve bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 bitkinin tepesine yak\u0131n bir \u015fi\u015fkinli\u011fin etraf\u0131na k\u0131vr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aramaya ba\u015flay\u0131n. Ba\u015faklanma evresi penceresi, \u00e7o\u011fu ilkbahar s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fulunda triticale i\u00e7in 7\u201314 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrer; bu, \u00e7avdar\u0131n 5\u20137 g\u00fcnl\u00fck penceresinden \u00e7ok daha uzundur. Ba\u015fak ucu bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131ndan yeni \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 erken ba\u015fak a\u015famas\u0131nda bile bi\u00e7erseniz kabul edilebilir bir kalite elde edebilirsiniz (CP 10\u201313%, NDF 55\u201362%), ancak CP ayn\u0131 alanda \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki kesime g\u00f6re 2-4 puan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fak tam olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bi\u00e7erseniz, maksimum verime ra\u011fmen saman kalitesi s\u0131\u011f\u0131r kaba yemi aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fer (CP 8\u201310%, NDF 65+%). Kalite-verim dengesi, ticari s\u0131\u011f\u0131r kaba yeminin \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm pazar segmentleri i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki kesimi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde desteklemektedir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u00c7avdar saman\u0131, besi s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yulaf saman\u0131 kadar iyi midir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Do\u011fru a\u015famada (\u00e7avdar i\u00e7in bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131, yulaf i\u00e7in ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131) bi\u00e7ildi\u011finde, d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00f6netilen \u00e7avdar saman\u0131, ham protein (her ikisi de 10\u201315% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) ve NDF (her ikisi de 52\u201365% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yulaf saman\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Besi performans\u0131ndaki pratik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar, di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rak\u0131lacak kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca farkl\u0131l\u0131klar \u015funlard\u0131r: \u00e7avdar\u0131n daha dar bir hasat penceresi vard\u0131r (5\u20137 g\u00fcn, yulaf\u0131n 7\u201314 g\u00fcn\u00fcne k\u0131yasla), bu da \u00e7avdar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f a\u015famada bi\u00e7ilme ve optimumun alt\u0131nda kaliteye ula\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir; \u00e7avdar\u0131n olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha kal\u0131n, daha sert saplar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu da e\u015fde\u011fer NDF seviyelerinde yulaf saman\u0131na g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck lezzet puanlar\u0131 \u00fcretir; ve \u00e7avdar\u0131n ilkbaharda daha erken ba\u015faklanma tarihi, genellikle ilk bi\u00e7im i\u00e7in mevcut olan ilk k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir - yulaf veya tritikale optimum a\u015famaya ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce samana ihtiya\u00e7 duyan besi i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in bir avantajd\u0131r. Yeterli saman hacmine sahip besi \u00e7iftliklerinde, daha geni\u015f hasat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve daha y\u00fcksek verim potansiyeli nedeniyle tritikale genellikle tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131na tercih edilir. Tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131n\u0131n rekabet avantaj\u0131, so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ge\u00e7 sonbahar ekim esnekli\u011finde yatmaktad\u0131r; bu da onu ge\u00e7 ekim durumlar\u0131nda tek uygun k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nTek y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im otu ile \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im otu saman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im (Lolium multiflorum<\/em>\u0130talyan \u00e7avdar\u0131) ve \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar (Lolium perenne<\/em>(Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu) birbirine \u00e7ok benzeyen ancak \u00fcretim \u00f6zellikleri \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olan ve her ikisine de g\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde \"\u00e7avdar otu\" denmesi nedeniyle s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00fcrlerdir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc tek bir sezonda tamamlar; \u00e7imlenir, vejetatif olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcr, ilkbaharda tohum ba\u015faklar\u0131 \u00fcretir ve yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr. \u00c7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu ise uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc, serin iklim bitkisidir ve uygun iklimlerde 5-8 y\u0131l boyunca varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. ABD'nin ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00f6lgesi ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'sunda saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in: y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu do\u011fru t\u00fcrd\u00fcr; sonbahar ekiminden sonra h\u0131zla yerle\u015fir, ilkbaharda y\u00fcksek kaliteli vejetatif saman \u00fcretir ve daha sonra do\u011fal olarak \u00f6l\u00fcr - bu da tarla y\u00f6netimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu, Pasifik Kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcst Orta Bat\u0131'da bask\u0131n \u00e7im ve mera otudur; ayr\u0131ca Avrupa saman \u00fcretiminde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r (\u0130ngiliz \u00e7avdar otu saman\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otudur). Y\u00f6netim gereksinimleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r: \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6netim gerektirir; Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, her y\u0131l yeniden ekilmeyi gerektirir. G\u00fcneydo\u011fu'da ticari olarak sat\u0131lan \"\u00e7im\" tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7imdir; sat\u0131n almadan \u00f6nce tohum etiketindeki botanik ad\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nK\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman at yemi olarak sat\u0131labilir mi?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Triticale ve \u00e7avdar saman\u0131, baz\u0131 \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda atlar i\u00e7in uygun olabilir. Birincil \u015fart: NSC testi. \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme evresindeki triticale genellikle 8-14% NSC de\u011ferine sahiptir; bu, partiye \u00f6zg\u00fc testin 12%'nin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamas\u0131 durumunda, hafif metabolik sorunlar\u0131 olan atlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011fu at i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir aral\u0131ktad\u0131r. Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 evresindeki \u00e7avdar da benzer \u015fekilde 9-15% NSC de\u011ferine sahiptir. Her ikisi de, yem testinin CP ve NSC'nin normal \u00e7im saman\u0131 parametreleri i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamas\u0131 durumunda, bak\u0131m ve performans atlar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun at saman\u0131 olabilir. At pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kalite sunumu \u015funlar\u0131 gerektirir: ince, temiz saplar (bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 veya \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme evresi kesimi, at al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kaliteyle ili\u015fkilendirdi\u011fi daha yumu\u015fak sap dokusunu korur); ye\u015fil renk (a\u011fartma, alg\u0131lanan de\u011feri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r); ve teslimat s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f yaprak tabakas\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ip yerine a\u011f sarg\u0131. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu, NSC'si 22%'ye ula\u015fabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in at pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha sorunludur; bu seviye, ins\u00fclin d\u00fczensizli\u011fi olan atlar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir risk olu\u015fturur. At pazarlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im partilerinin, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fik de\u011ferinin (genellikle metabolik sorunlar\u0131 olan atlar i\u00e7in 10\u201312%) alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu do\u011frulayan g\u00fcncel bir NSC testine (WSC + ni\u015fasta) sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nTriticale saman\u0131m neden balya makinesini s\u00fcrekli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Triticale balya makinesinde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 nedeni vard\u0131r ve hangisinin meydana geldi\u011fini belirlemek, size \u00f6zel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6sterir. 1. Neden: Y\u00f6r\u00fcnge h\u0131z\u0131, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. D\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 5 tondan fazla triticale y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131, toplama sisteminin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 en a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. H\u0131z\u0131 2,5-3,5 mil\/saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n durup durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin; e\u011fer durursa, sorun buydu. 2. Neden: Toplama geni\u015fli\u011fini kaplayan uzun, paralel saplardan kaynaklanan sap k\u00f6pr\u00fcleme s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Bu t\u00fcr s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma aniden olur - balya makinesi sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken birdenbire tamamen durur. Bu, toplama geni\u015fli\u011finin tamam\u0131 boyunca birbirine paralel uzanan 48 in\u00e7ten uzun saplardan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: Balya yapmadan \u00f6nce, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uzun saplar\u0131n d\u00fcz ve paralel uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin; bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in balya makinesinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm tekerleklerini veya bir t\u0131rm\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131n. Ayr\u0131ca y\u0131\u011f\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011finin toplama geni\u015fli\u011finin 85%'sinden daha az oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Sebep 3: Saplar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek nem (20%'nin \u00fczerinde). Islak tritikale saplar\u0131 kau\u00e7uksu bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir ve uygun balya neminde oldu\u011fu kadar temiz bir \u015fekilde beslenmez. D\u00fczenli bir ak\u0131\u015f halinde giri\u015ften ge\u00e7mek yerine katlan\u0131r ve topaklan\u0131rlar. Balyalamadan \u00f6nce s\u0131ra \u00e7ekirde\u011fi neminin 14-17% aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Her s\u0131ran\u0131n ilk 30 metresinde s\u00fcrekli olarak t\u0131kanma ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu, s\u0131ran\u0131n mahsul \u00e7ok \u0131slakken olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu veya giri\u015f noktas\u0131nda s\u0131ra yo\u011funlu\u011funun \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir - her s\u0131ran\u0131n ilk k\u0131sm\u0131 (bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verin daha \u00f6nce s\u0131ra sonu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer) genellikle en yo\u011fun b\u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nBa\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminden sonra, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar\u0131 sonbahar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda donarak ekebilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131llar\u0131n donlu ekimi yaln\u0131zca \u00e7avdar i\u00e7in ve sadece belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 5-6. b\u00f6lgelerde Ocak-\u015eubat aylar\u0131nda donmu\u015f veya karla kapl\u0131 topra\u011fa serpilen \u00e7avdar, donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7imlenebilir; bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcler, tohumu fiziksel olarak toprak y\u00fczeyine i\u015fler, t\u0131pk\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yoncan\u0131n \u00e7im alanlar\u0131na donlu ekiminde kullan\u0131lan teknik gibi. \u00c7imlenme ba\u015far\u0131 oran\u0131: Donlu ekim ko\u015fullar\u0131nda y\u00fczeye serpilen \u00e7avdar\u0131n -60'\u0131 \u00e7imlenir; bu oran, s\u0131ral\u0131 ekim yap\u0131lan \u00e7avdardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr, ancak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir sonbahar ekiminde faydal\u0131 bir ilkbahar mahsul\u00fc \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Triticale ve y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im, donlu ekim i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7imlenme gereksinimleri daha az so\u011fu\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve tohum b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (triticale) veya tohum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im), \u00e7avdar\u0131n donlu ekimini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme ile topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermez. 7-8. b\u00f6lgelerdeki \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in: Aral\u0131k-Ocak aylar\u0131nda toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131, s\u00fcrekli donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in nadiren yeterince d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelere iner, bu nedenle donma d\u00f6neminde ekim g\u00fcvenilir bir kurtarma se\u00e7ene\u011fi de\u011fildir. 7-8. b\u00f6lgelerde sonbahar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda bitki geli\u015fiminde ya\u015fanan ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alternatifi, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitki d\u00f6nemi fiilen kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, serin mevsim yazl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkileriyle ilkbaharda ekim yapmakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"foragebaler.com<\/p>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k saman \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in balya makinesi ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/h3>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc (triticale, tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131 veya y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7im), hedef bi\u00e7me a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131, beklenen verim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (ton\/acre), balya boyutunu ve trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn PTO beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bize bildirin. K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k tah\u0131l s\u0131ralar\u0131ndan tutarl\u0131 balyalar elde etmek i\u00e7in gereken yo\u011funluk yay ayar\u0131n\u0131, zemin h\u0131z\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fartland\u0131rma bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 onayl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Y\u0131ll\u0131k Balya Kurulum Setini Edinin<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cool-Season Annual Forages \u2014 Southern and Transition Zone Production Winter Annual Hay: Triticale, Cereal Rye, and Ryegrass When warm-season perennial grasses go dormant from November through April, stocker cattle still eat. Winter annual cereals \u2014 triticale, cereal rye, and annual ryegrass \u2014 produce high-quality hay from fall-seeded stands in the forage gap no other system […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forage-baler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1082"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1084,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions\/1084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}