
<\/div>\n
Tarla Lojisti\u011fi: \u00d6rt\u00fc Bitkilerinin Bi\u00e7ilmesi, T\u0131rm\u0131klanmas\u0131 ve Depoya Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131<\/h2>\n
Tah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131n\u0131n balyalanmas\u0131<\/strong> Di\u011fer \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkileriyle birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilkbahar hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem daha k\u0131sa oldu\u011fundan ve bi\u00e7me i\u015fleminin gecikmesinden kaynaklanan \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f daha h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, bi\u00e7me, kurutma ve t\u0131rm\u0131klama zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel saman programlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde koordine edilmesi gerekir. \u0130ki pratik lojistik nokta, geleneksel saman programlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\u00c7im bi\u00e7me:<\/strong> Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkileri yo\u011fun ve y\u00fcksek nemlidir. D\u00fcz diskli bi\u00e7me makinesine k\u0131yasla bi\u00e7me-kurutma makinesi kesinlikle tercih edilir; kurutma i\u015flemi, kaba g\u00f6vde k\u00fctik\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc bozar ve geleneksel bir saman mahsul\u00fcn\u00fcn ila nem oran\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu 24 ila 48 saatlik zaman diliminde kuruma s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Kurutma i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan, y\u00fcksek biyok\u00fctleli \u00e7avdar\u0131n tarlada kurutulmas\u0131 48 ila 72 saat s\u00fcrebilir; bu da de\u011fi\u015fken bir bahar hava tahmininde \u00f6nemli bir hava penceresi riskidir. Sadece d\u00fcz diskli bi\u00e7me makineniz varsa, yo\u011fun \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn alt taraf\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in bi\u00e7tikten 3 ila 4 saat sonra bi\u00e7ilen alan\u0131 t\u0131rm\u0131klay\u0131n; t\u0131rm\u0131klama ve s\u0131cak bir bahar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na maruz kalma kombinasyonu, kurutma i\u015fleminin faydas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\nT\u0131rm\u0131klama ve balyalama:<\/strong> \u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek nem ve yo\u011funluk nedeniyle tipik yonca veya ot y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131na g\u00f6re metre ba\u015f\u0131na daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Balya makinesi, kat edilen mesafe ba\u015f\u0131na haznesini daha h\u0131zl\u0131 doldurur; bu nedenle, tarlada balya aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n normal saman i\u015flemlerine g\u00f6re 30 ila 40 cm daha s\u0131k olmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyin. Tarla depolama s\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 seferlerini buna g\u00f6re planlay\u0131n. \u00d6zellikle tritikale \u00fczerinde, ba\u015faklanma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi silaj balyalar\u0131 balya ba\u015f\u0131na 700 kg'\u0131 a\u015fabilir; balyalar\u0131 depolama alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131madan \u00f6nce ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kapasitesini balya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi balyalama i\u015fleminin daha geni\u015f saman yap\u0131m i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na zamanlama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan entegrasyonu, \u00f6zellikle karma bir i\u015fletmede \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi hasad\u0131n\u0131n ilk bi\u00e7im saman zamanlamas\u0131yla \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda s\u0131ralaman\u0131n nas\u0131l planlanaca\u011f\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m s\u0131ralama k\u0131lavuzu saman yap\u0131m i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 optimizasyonu makalemizde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular: \u00d6rt\u00fc Bitkisi Balya Yap\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n
\n\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkilerinin balyalanmas\u0131, bir sonraki ticari \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ekimini olumsuz etkiler mi?+<\/span><\/summary>\nBalyalama i\u015flemi, ayakta duran biyok\u00fctleyi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ancak k\u00f6k sistemini ve an\u0131z\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu da \u00e7o\u011fu toprak tipinde, sonland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkilerine benzer, topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015flememe avantaj\u0131 sa\u011flar. En \u00f6nemli zamanlama k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, balyalama ile ana \u00fcr\u00fcn ekimi aras\u0131nda an\u0131zlar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve toprak neminin toparlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 2 ila 3 hafta s\u00fcre tan\u0131makt\u0131r; balyalama i\u015flemi bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu s\u00fcre Orta Bat\u0131'daki tipik m\u0131s\u0131r ve soya fasulyesi ekim tarihlerinden \u00f6nce a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u0131slak bahar ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, balya makinesi ve trakt\u00f6r trafi\u011finden kaynaklanan toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 daha \u00f6nemli bir risktir. Ekipman g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle uyumlu en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck lastik \u015fi\u015firme bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n ve toprak nemi tarla kapasitesinin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funda tarlaya girmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u00c7avdar ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yonca kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisini tek bir balya makinesi ayar\u0131yla balyalayabilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\nEvet \u2014 bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi, bask\u0131n t\u00fcre g\u00f6re kalibre edilmi\u015f ayarlar kullan\u0131larak tek ge\u00e7i\u015fte balyalanabilir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m 70% \u00e7avdar + 30% yonca ise, \u00e7avdar ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131z, +1 kay\u0131\u015f gerginli\u011fi kademesi). Yonca fraksiyonu daha y\u00fcksek protein katk\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flar ancak balyaya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yap\u0131sal katk\u0131 sa\u011flar \u2014 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, ayn\u0131 a\u015famada saf \u00e7avdara g\u00f6re genellikle daha y\u00fcksek ham proteinli bir balya \u00fcretecektir. Bir uyar\u0131: K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yonca ve t\u00fcyl\u00fc fi\u011f, sarma\u015f\u0131k fraksiyonu 30 ila 40%'yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplama t\u0131rm\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131na dolanabilen sarma\u015f\u0131k \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir. Sarma\u015f\u0131k dolanmas\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenirse, yer h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 4 ila 5 km\/saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn ve toplamay\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k kontrol edin.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi saman\u0131 besin de\u011feri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk bi\u00e7im yonca ile nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?+<\/span><\/summary>\nBayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki (16 ila 18% Ham Protein, 28 ila 34% ADF) \u00e7avdar saman\u0131, besin de\u011feri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 1. ve 2. s\u0131n\u0131f yonca ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir; birinci s\u0131n\u0131f ikinci bi\u00e7im yoncaya g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck protein i\u00e7erir ancak \u00e7o\u011fu s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftirme program\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok s\u00fct d\u00fcvesi program\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Temel fark enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fudur: Bu a\u015famadaki \u00e7avdar saman\u0131, yoncaya g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek NDF'ye sahiptir (tipik olarak 50 ila 60%'ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 35 ila 45%), bu da g\u00fcnl\u00fck kuru madde al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Maksimum kuru madde al\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyan en y\u00fcksek laktasyon d\u00f6nemindeki s\u00fct inekleri i\u00e7in, tah\u0131lla takviye edilmi\u015f \u00e7avdar saman\u0131 gereklidir; tek ba\u015f\u0131na yem olarak kuru inekler, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen d\u00fcveler ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar i\u00e7in daha uygundur. Bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u00e7avdar saman\u0131, e\u015fde\u011fer a\u015famalardaki \u00e7o\u011fu ot saman\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden s\u00fcrekli olarak daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar vermektedir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u0130lkbaharda ekilen \u00e7avdar saman\u0131nda nitrat riski nedir?+<\/span><\/summary>\nTah\u0131l \u00e7avdar\u0131nda nitrat birikimi, belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: y\u00fcksek azot uygulama oranlar\u0131 (100 kg N\/ha'n\u0131n \u00fczerinde) bitkinin nitrat d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yava\u015flatan serin ve bulutlu hava ile birle\u015fti\u011finde. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, \u00e7avdar g\u00f6vde dokusunda 1.000 ppm'nin \u00fczerinde nitrat biriktirebilir; bu da \u00f6zellikle gebe inekler i\u00e7in potansiyel olarak sorun te\u015fkil eder. Risk, yapraklardan ziyade g\u00f6vdelerde ve bayrak yapra\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndan ziyade olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcmede daha y\u00fcksektir. Pratik \u00f6nlem: (1) sonbahar veya ilkbaharda y\u00fcksek oranl\u0131 azotlu g\u00fcbre uyguland\u0131ysa, (2) ilkbahar al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k derecede so\u011fuk veya bulutluysa veya (3) \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme modelleri g\u00f6steriyorsa, beslemeden \u00f6nce \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi saman\u0131ndan nitrat \u00f6rne\u011fi al\u0131n ve test edin. Testin maliyeti numune ba\u015f\u0131na $15 ile $25 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu laboratuvarda 48 saat s\u00fcrer.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nAyn\u0131 ilkbahar d\u00f6neminde \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisinden iki adet \u00e7elik alabilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\nPratik olarak, \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyon sisteminde k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k tah\u0131llardan elde edilemez. \u00c7avdar, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yulaf ve tritikale y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneli tah\u0131llard\u0131r; bi\u00e7ildikten sonra, ta\u00e7tan yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme, \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k baklagiller veya otlara k\u0131yasla minimaldir. \u0130kinci bir hasat i\u00e7in yeterli biyok\u00fctlenin birikmesi i\u00e7in 4 ila 6 hafta beklemek gerekir; bu noktada \u00fcr\u00fcn kalite penceresini ge\u00e7mi\u015f olur ve genellikle nakit \u00fcr\u00fcn ekimi gerekir. Pratik istisna, daha s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi olarak ekilen \u0130talyan \u00e7avdar otudur (iki y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bitki) - sonland\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce 2 ila 3 ilkbahar bi\u00e7imi verebilir. \u00d6rt\u00fc sisteminden birden fazla ilkbahar yem bi\u00e7imi isteyen i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in, bir ana bitki sisteminde yeti\u015ftirilen \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu veya \u00e7ay\u0131r otu \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bunu sa\u011flayabilir, ancak bu, bu k\u0131lavuzda ele al\u0131nan k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkilerinden farkl\u0131 bir sistemdir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u00d6rt\u00fc bitkisi ekili tarlam d\u00fczensiz ve \u00e7ukur alanlara sahip; yine de etkili bir \u015fekilde balyalayabilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n\u00c7ukurlu, engebeli tarlalar, \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi balyalama i\u00e7in iki zorluk sunar: (1) Nem varyasyonu \u2014 \u00e7ukurlar daha nemlidir, genellikle ilkbaharda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha nemlidir; bu da tarlan\u0131n genelinde y\u0131\u011f\u0131n neminin olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fken oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7ukurlardan gelen daha nemli malzemenin, aksi takdirde kuru olan bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, hedef de\u011ferin \u00fczerinde ortalama nem i\u00e7eren balyalar \u00fcretir ve k\u00fcf ve \u0131s\u0131nma riskini art\u0131r\u0131r. Strateji: T\u0131rm\u0131klama ve bi\u00e7me s\u0131ras\u0131nda nemli \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 atlay\u0131n veya bunlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 olarak y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlay\u0131n ve kuru saman yerine silaj i\u00e7in balyalay\u0131n. (2) Zemin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi varyasyonu \u2014 balya toplama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, hem normal alanlardaki daha y\u00fcksek zemini hem de \u00e7ukurlarda potansiyel olarak daha yak\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 kazmadan kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toplama y\u00fcksekli\u011fini \u00e7ukurlar i\u00e7in gereken y\u00fcksekli\u011fe (normalden biraz daha y\u00fcksek) ayarlay\u0131n ve d\u00fcz alanlardaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u0131\u011f\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edin. D\u00fcz alanlardan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan malzemeyi geri kazanmak i\u00e7in tek bir ekstra t\u0131rm\u0131klama i\u015flemi, beklenmedik bir \u00e7ukurda zemin temas\u0131 nedeniyle hasar g\u00f6ren bir balya toplama par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten daha verimlidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n