{"id":732,"date":"2026-05-11T07:57:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T07:57:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/?p=732"},"modified":"2026-05-11T07:57:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T07:57:10","slug":"alfalfa-stand-establishment-seeding-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/alfalfa-stand-establishment-seeding-management\/","title":{"rendered":"Alfalfa Stand Establishment: Seeding Rates, Weed Control, and First-Cut Timing"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
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Tar\u0131m Rehberi<\/div>\n

Yonca Ekimi Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131: Tohum Ekim Oranlar\u0131, Yabanc\u0131 Ot Kontrol\u00fc ve \u0130lk Bi\u00e7im Karar\u0131<\/h1>\n

Yonca ekimi, 5 ila 8 y\u0131l boyunca getiri sa\u011flayan bir yat\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r. Ekim zaman\u0131n\u0131, derinli\u011fini ve ilk bi\u00e7im zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlay\u0131n; aksi takdirde sonraki 3 bi\u00e7imi seyrek bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131 ve erken hasattan kaynaklanan sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015farak ge\u00e7ireceksiniz.<\/p>\n

Ekipman \u00d6nerisi Al\u0131n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Yonca ekimi<\/strong> Bu durum, stand \u00fcretiminin ilk 12 ay\u0131nda, sonraki y\u0131llara k\u0131yasla daha hassas bir y\u00f6netim gerektirir. yonca ekimi<\/strong> Ekim haftas\u0131nda al\u0131nan kararlar (\u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imi, ekim tarihi, derinli\u011fi, a\u015f\u0131lama ve refakat\u00e7i bitki se\u00e7imi) \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 5 ila 8 y\u0131l boyunca hasat edilecek a\u011fa\u00e7 yo\u011funlu\u011funu belirler. Kurulumda yap\u0131lan hatalar tamamen telafi edilemez; bu hatalar, a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan tamamen yok olana kadar her bi\u00e7imi s\u0131n\u0131rlayan bir \u00fcretim tavan\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu k\u0131lavuz, uzun vadeli a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k performans\u0131n\u0131 en \u00e7ok etkileyen kurulum kararlar\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgeye G\u00f6re Tohum Ekim Zaman Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014 Do\u011fru Takvimi Ayarlamak<\/h2>\n
\"Yonca<\/div>\n

Yonca ekimi<\/strong> Ekim, ilkbahar veya yaz sonlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir ve her d\u00f6nemin farkl\u0131 avantajlar\u0131 ve riskleri vard\u0131r. Ekim zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi \u00f6ncelikle b\u00f6lgenizin toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenine ve yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; Kuzey Orta Bat\u0131'da ilkbahar ekimleri yaz\u0131n en yo\u011fun y\u0131ll\u0131k yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flar ancak daha uzun bir hasat \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ihtiya\u00e7 duyar; ABD'nin \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde yaz sonu ekimleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yabanc\u0131 ot rekabetiyle geli\u015fir ancak k\u0131\u015f uykusundan \u00f6nce k\u00f6k karbonhidrat depolamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli donma olmayan g\u00fcnlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/p>\n

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ABD B\u00f6lgelerine G\u00f6re Yonca Ekim Zaman Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/div>\n
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B\u00f6lge<\/th>\n\u0130lkbahar Penceresi<\/th>\nYaz Sonu F\u0131rsat\u0131<\/th>\nTercih Edilen Pencere + Neden<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Yukar\u0131 Orta Bat\u0131 (MN, WI, MI)<\/td>\n15 Nisan \u2013 10 May\u0131s<\/td>\n1 A\u011fustos \u2013 20 A\u011fustos<\/td>\nYaz sonu tercih edilir \u2014 yabanc\u0131 ot rekabeti daha azd\u0131r; donmadan \u00f6nce 6-8 hafta k\u00f6k geli\u015fimi sa\u011flar.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Ovalar (Kuzeydo\u011fu, Kansas, Oklahoma)<\/td>\n20 Mart \u2013 30 Nisan<\/td>\n10 A\u011fustos \u2013 1 Eyl\u00fcl<\/td>\nYa kuzey b\u00f6lgelerde ilkbahar; ilkbahar\u0131n h\u0131zla kurudu\u011fu g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerde ise yaz sonu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kuzeydo\u011fu (Pensilvanya, New York, Ohio)<\/td>\n1 Nisan \u2013 15 May\u0131s<\/td>\n1 A\u011fustos \u2013 25 A\u011fustos<\/td>\nYaz sonu kurakl\u0131k riskinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde ilkbahar tercih edilir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaliforniya \/ Pasifik Kuzeybat\u0131<\/td>\n15 \u015eubat \u2013 1 Nisan<\/td>\n1 Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 1 Ekim<\/td>\nYaz sonu\/sonbaharda sulama alt\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilir \u2014 yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bitki geli\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkisini \u00f6nler; Kaliforniya'da bask\u0131n sistemdir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00fcneydo\u011fu (AR, TN, VA)<\/td>\n15 \u015eubat \u2013 31 Mart<\/td>\n15 A\u011fustos \u2013 15 Eyl\u00fcl<\/td>\nYaz sonu ekimi \u015fiddetle tercih edilir; bu sayede ilkbahar ekimlerini alt eden yazl\u0131k yabanc\u0131 ot rekabetinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tohum Ekme Oran\u0131, Derinlik ve A\u015f\u0131lama \u2014 En S\u0131k Yanl\u0131\u015f Yap\u0131lan \u00dc\u00e7 De\u011fi\u015fken<\/h2>\n
\"Yonca<\/div>\n

Tohum ekim oran\u0131:<\/strong> Yonca ekiminde standart ekim oran\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fcm ba\u015f\u0131na 15 ila 18 pound (saf canl\u0131 tohum baz\u0131nda) aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Serpme y\u00f6ntemiyle ekimde, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tohum-toprak temas\u0131n\u0131 telafi etmek i\u00e7in 20 ila 25 pound gereklidir. Ekim makinesiyle 22 pounddan fazla ekim yapmak faydal\u0131 de\u011fildir; bu, yeni ekilen bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7indeki fide rekabetini art\u0131r\u0131r ve nihai g\u00f6vde yo\u011funlu\u011funu iyile\u015ftirmez. 12 pounddan az ekim ise, ekim y\u0131l\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hassas olan ince bir bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

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Tohum Ekme Derinli\u011fi \u2014 Toprak Kesiti ve \u00c7imlenme Tepkisi<\/div>\n
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\u00c7ok S\u0131\u011f (<1\/4 in\u00e7)<\/div>\n
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\u26a0 tohum buraya<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Tohum, k\u00f6k \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce toprak y\u00fczeyindeki kabukta kurur. \u00c7imlenme d\u00fczensizdir. Tarlan\u0131n her yerinde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde bo\u015fluklar bulunur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Do\u011fru (1\/4 ila 3\/8 in\u00e7)<\/div>\n
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\u2714 tohum buraya<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Tohum ekim b\u00f6lgesinde toprak neminin s\u00fcrekli olmas\u0131. K\u00f6k\u00e7\u00fck nemli toprakla hemen temas eder. Hedef \u00e7imlenme 85%+.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u00c7ok Derin (>3\/4 in\u00e7)<\/div>\n
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tohum buraya<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Fideler toprak y\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce karbonhidrat rezervlerini t\u00fcketir. \u00c7imlenme zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Seyrek ve istikrars\u0131z geli\u015fim g\u00f6steren fideler olu\u015fur.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

A\u015f\u0131lama:<\/strong> Yonca, tarlada son 3-5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yonca yeti\u015ftirilmemi\u015fse, azot fiksasyonu i\u00e7in Rhizobium meliloti a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Toprakta Rhizobium pop\u00fclasyonu bulunmayan bir tarlada a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f yonca, tamamen toprak azotuna ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r ve sar\u0131, azot eksikli\u011fi olan bitkiler \u00fcretir; bu bitkiler asla verimli bir bitki yo\u011funlu\u011funa ula\u015famaz. Bayiden al\u0131nan \u00f6nceden a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f tohum kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r ancak a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir raf \u00f6mr\u00fcne sahiptir; tohum torbas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra 24 saat i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131n ve a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f tohumu do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve 30\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klardan uzak tutun, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k tohum y\u00fczeyindeki Rhizobium'u \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu De\u011ferlendirmesi \u2014 Nas\u0131l Say\u0131m Yap\u0131l\u0131r ve Ne Zaman Endi\u015felenilmelidir?<\/h2>\n
\"Yonca<\/div>\n

Bitki yo\u011funlu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi, ilk bi\u00e7imden \u00f6nce ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca her baharda yap\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6netim kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr. ABD'deki yonca \u00fcretiminde standart y\u00f6ntem, g\u00f6vde say\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r: tarlada 10 ila 20 adet temsili \u00f6rneklem alan\u0131nda metrekare ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6vde say\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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5\u20138<\/div>\n
g\u00f6vdeler\/ft\u00b2<\/div>\n
M\u00fckemmel stand
\nHerhangi bir i\u015flem gerekmiyor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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3\u20135<\/div>\n
g\u00f6vdeler\/ft\u00b2<\/div>\n
S\u0131n\u0131rda yer alan duru\u015f
\nYak\u0131ndan takip edin.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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<3<\/div>\n
g\u00f6vdeler\/ft\u00b2<\/div>\n
Zay\u0131f duru\u015f
\nYeniden tohum ekmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130\u015flenme Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yabanc\u0131 Ot Kontrol\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Ekim y\u0131l\u0131, yonca \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc hen\u00fcz kapan\u0131p rakip t\u00fcrleri g\u00f6lgelemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 otlara kar\u015f\u0131 en savunmas\u0131z d\u00f6nemdir. Ekim y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 ot y\u00f6netimi stratejisi uygulan\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Yabani ot yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131rpma:<\/strong> Y\u0131ll\u0131k geni\u015f yaprakl\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar yonca fidelerinin \u00fczerini kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n tepesini 4 ila 5 in\u00e7 y\u00fcksekli\u011finde kesmek, alttaki yonca ta\u00e7lar\u0131na zarar vermeden yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k rekabetini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Bu, ekim y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yabanc\u0131 ot y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n uygulanabilir y\u00f6ntemdir. Yabanc\u0131 otlar 6 ila 8 in\u00e7 boyundayken ve yonca 3 ila 4 in\u00e7 boyundayken, yabanc\u0131 otlar tohum olgunlu\u011funa ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce kesin. Ekim y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 in\u00e7ten daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da kesmeyin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu y\u00fckseklik geli\u015fmekte olan yonca ta\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131 ot tepeleriyle birlikte ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7imlenme \u00f6ncesi yabanc\u0131 ot ila\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong> Birka\u00e7 \u00e7imlenme \u00f6ncesi yabanc\u0131 ot ilac\u0131 (EPTC, trifluralin), yonca ekimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in ruhsatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve aksi takdirde ekim d\u00f6neminde rekabet edecek olan yazl\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k otlar\u0131n etkili kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar. Zamanlama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir: ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya \u00f6ncesinde uygulay\u0131n ve \u00e7imlenmeden \u00f6nce topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Sat\u0131n almadan \u00f6nce g\u00fcncel etiket durumunu ve yerel ruhsat\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n \u2014 yabanc\u0131 ot ilac\u0131 ruhsatlar\u0131 eyalete g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Refakat\u00e7i bitki y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneli yard\u0131mc\u0131 bitkiler (yulaf, arpa ile birlikte ekilen yonca), yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n yerle\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131 fiziksel bir bariyer olu\u015fturur ve ekim s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak erozyonu riskini azalt\u0131r. Dezavantaj\u0131: yard\u0131mc\u0131 bitkiler, nem ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k i\u00e7in yonca ile rekabet eder. Yard\u0131mc\u0131 bitkiyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck taneli ba\u015faklanma d\u00f6neminde hasat edin; olgunluktan sonra b\u0131rakmay\u0131n. Kurak y\u0131llarda, yard\u0131mc\u0131 bitkiyi tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131n: seyrek bir yulaf ekiminden kaynaklanan nem rekabeti, kurak bir ekim yaz\u0131nda yonca fidelerinin hayatta kalma oran\u0131n\u0131 ila oran\u0131nda azaltabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk A\u015fama Karar\u0131: Ne Zaman ve Nas\u0131l G\u00fcvenli Bir \u015eekilde Kullan\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n
\"Yonca<\/div>\n

Yeni ekilen bir yonca tarlas\u0131n\u0131n ilk hasad\u0131, tarlan\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan t\u00fcm ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn en y\u00fcksek riskli olay\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok erken bi\u00e7mek, bitkinin toparlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli k\u00f6k karbonhidrat rezervi depolamadan \u00f6nce bitkiyi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r; ilk bi\u00e7imden sadece 8 ila 12 hafta \u00f6nce olu\u015fan fide k\u00f6k sistemi, olgun 2 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarlaya k\u0131yasla minimum karbonhidrat rezervine sahiptir. Ekim y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok erken bi\u00e7mek, k\u0131\u015fa ince bir \u015fekilde giren ve 2. y\u0131lda verimli yo\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015famayan tarlalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenidir.<\/p>\n

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Zamanlama G\u00f6stergesi<\/th>\nKesmek?<\/th>\nSebep<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
10% \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme d\u00f6nemi ve ekimden itibaren \u22658 hafta ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011finin \u22654 in\u00e7 olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/td>\n\u2714 Evet<\/td>\nBu \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fulun tamam\u0131 birlikte, g\u00fcvenli ilk hasat i\u00e7in yeterli k\u00f6k karbonhidrat rezervi ve ta\u00e7 geli\u015fiminin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10% \u00e7e\u015fidi, ekimden sadece 5-6 hafta sonra \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/td>\n\u26a0 Gecikme<\/td>\n\u00c7i\u00e7eklenme a\u015famas\u0131nda bile k\u00f6k sistemi hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f; \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mdaki b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n 2 hafta daha bekleyin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tohum ekiminden bu yana 9 hafta ge\u00e7ti ama hen\u00fcz \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7mad\u0131.<\/td>\n\u26a0 Tomurcuk olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin<\/td>\nE\u011fer ge\u00e7 tomurcuk g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa (hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa), kalite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hasat etmek kabul edilebilir; \u00e7o\u011fu ko\u015fulda k\u00f6k sistemi 9. haftada yeterli hale gelir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle 6-7. haftada bi\u00e7me i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/td>\n\u26a0 Sadece klip<\/td>\n\u00c7im bi\u00e7me makinesini 4-5 in\u00e7 y\u00fcksekli\u011fe ayarlayarak sadece yabani otlar\u0131 bi\u00e7in; fide dikim y\u0131l\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda 4 in\u00e7ten daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan bi\u00e7meyin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

4 in\u00e7lik minimum kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, fidan dikim y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in en kritik y\u00f6netim kural\u0131d\u0131r. 4 in\u00e7 kural\u0131, taban meristemi (ta\u00e7 tomurcu\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi) do\u011frudan hasattan korur; bu kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011finin 2. y\u0131ldaki yem analizi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine dair ba\u011flam sa\u011flar. 4 in\u00e7 kural\u0131 \u2013 bu b\u00f6lge, bir sonraki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flayan koltuk alt\u0131 tomurcuklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. 4 in\u00e7ten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kesim, bu tomurcuklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve bir sonraki kesimin verim potansiyelini 15 ila 251 ton azalt\u0131r. \u00e7im bi\u00e7me makinesi serisi<\/a> \u0130\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in kesim y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ayarlamalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

\"Yonca<\/div>\n

S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular: Yonca Tarlas\u0131 Kurulumu<\/h2>\n
\n
\nYoncan\u0131n ilk tam verim bi\u00e7imine kadar geli\u015fmesi ne kadar s\u00fcrer?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Yonca ekimi<\/strong> Orta Bat\u0131'da ilkbahar ekimiyle yeti\u015ftirilen yonca, genellikle 2. y\u0131lda (ertesi g\u00fcn ilkbahar veya yaz ba\u015flar\u0131nda) ilk tam hasad\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. 1. y\u0131lda, genellikle dikkatlice zamanlanm\u0131\u015f bir hasat, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 8 ila 10 hafta boyunca yerle\u015fmesinden sonra, b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin sonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yaz sonu ekilen yonca, 1. y\u0131l hasad\u0131n\u0131 tamamen atlar; fide \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc k\u0131\u015f boyunca hayatta kal\u0131r ve ilk tam hasad\u0131n\u0131 ertesi ilkbaharda verir. Sulama yap\u0131lan G\u00fcneybat\u0131 ve Kaliforniya'da, yerle\u015fme daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r; yeterli sulama ile s\u0131cak ko\u015fullarda ekimden ilk hasada kadar 8 ila 12 hafta elde edilebilir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nYonca fidelerim filizlendikten 3 hafta sonra sararmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun sebebi nedir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\u00c7imlenmeden 2 ila 4 hafta sonra yonca fidelerinin sararmas\u0131, en yayg\u0131n olarak Rhizobium a\u015f\u0131lama i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan azot eksikli\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Tohum d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde a\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131ysa veya a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na maruz kalan veya herbisit kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalan tohuma uyguland\u0131ysa, tohum y\u00fczeyindeki Rhizobium pop\u00fclasyonu \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olabilir. Rhizobium olmadan, fide toprak azotuna ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r; bu azot, toprak organik maddesinin mineralizasyonundan ilk 2 ila 3 hafta boyunca genellikle yeterlidir, daha sonra s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelir. 3 ila 4 bitkinin k\u00f6k sistemini kontrol edin: 3 ila 4 haftal\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f bitkilerde yan k\u00f6klerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pembe ila k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 nod\u00fcller g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Nod\u00fcllerin yoklu\u011fu, a\u015f\u0131lama i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu do\u011frular. Se\u00e7enekler: M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse sulama suyuyla toprak y\u00fczeyine s\u0131v\u0131 Rhizobium a\u015f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 uygulay\u0131n veya ilk y\u0131l veriminde azalmay\u0131 kabul edin ve toprak Rhizobium pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 olu\u015furken do\u011fal nod\u00fclasyona g\u00fcvenin. Azotlu g\u00fcbre uygulamas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmez; do\u011fal nod\u00fclasyonu bask\u0131lar. ABD'deki ekibimiz, yonca program\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in do\u011fru bi\u00e7me ekipman\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7menize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir; balyalama ve bi\u00e7me makinesi tahrik sistemleri dahil. tar\u0131msal di\u015fli kutular\u0131<\/a>\u0130lk \u00fcretim kesiminden \u00f6nce kontrol edilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nYoncan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in toprak pH's\u0131 ne olmal\u0131d\u0131r?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Yonca, optimum geli\u015fim ve azot fiksasyonu i\u00e7in 6,5 ila 7,5 aras\u0131nda toprak pH'\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. pH 6,0'\u0131n alt\u0131nda, al\u00fcminyum ve manganez daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelir ve bir\u00e7ok toprakta fitotoksik konsantrasyonlara ula\u015f\u0131r; bu da fide k\u00f6k geli\u015fimini bask\u0131lar ve Rhizobium'un hayatta kalma oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. pH 7,8'in \u00fczerinde, kalsiyum ba\u011flanmas\u0131 fosfor ve potasyumun kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilir. Planlanan ekimden en az 6 ay \u00f6nce toprak pH'\u0131n\u0131 test edin; kire\u00e7 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n toprak pH'\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi 3 ila 6 ay s\u00fcrer ve i\u015flenmemi\u015f tarlalara y\u00fczey uygulamalar\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcrebilir. Ekim zaman\u0131nda pH'\u0131 6,8 ila 7,2 aras\u0131nda hedefleyin. Toprak pH'\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi, bir tarlay\u0131 yonca ekimi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlamada dolar ba\u015f\u0131na en y\u00fcksek getiri sa\u011flayan yat\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u0130\u015fletme y\u0131l\u0131mdaki stand\u0131m\u0131n ikinci y\u0131l i\u00e7in yeterince iyi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l anlar\u0131m?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
A\u011fustos sonu veya Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6vde say\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131n: rastgele se\u00e7ilen 10 adet 1 metrekarelik alanda g\u00f6vdeleri say\u0131n ve ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n. Ortalama 4 g\u00f6vde\/ft\u00b2 veya \u00fczeri ise, 2. y\u0131l i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye de\u011ferdir; hayatta kalan bitkiler daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u00e7lar ve bitki ba\u015f\u0131na daha fazla g\u00f6vde geli\u015ftirdik\u00e7e, muhtemelen yeterli yo\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015facakt\u0131r. Ortalama 3 g\u00f6vde\/ft\u00b2'nin alt\u0131nda ise, yeniden ekimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn; a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma, en uygun y\u00f6netimle bile 2. y\u0131lda ekonomik \u00fcretim yo\u011funlu\u011funa ula\u015famayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca mekansal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 da kontrol edin: ortalama 4 g\u00f6vde\/ft\u00b2 olan ancak bu g\u00f6vdelerin 80%'si tarlan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinde ve 20%'si di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinde bulunan bir a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmada, verim haritalar\u0131 2. y\u0131lda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterecek bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m sorunu vard\u0131r. Yer yer seyrek a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmalarda, tam yeniden ekim yerine seyrek alanlarda b\u00f6lgesel yeniden ekim yapmak daha mant\u0131kl\u0131 olabilir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\nToprak i\u015flenebilir hale gelmeden \u00f6nce, ilkbahar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yonca tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 donlu ortamda ekebilir miyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
Donma ekimi (k\u0131\u015f sonlar\u0131nda donmu\u015f veya karla kapl\u0131 topra\u011fa tohum serpme), \u00f6zellikle donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinin tohumu toprak y\u00fczeyine i\u015fledi\u011fi Yukar\u0131 Orta Bat\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde yonca i\u00e7in i\u015fe yarar. Ba\u015far\u0131 oranlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkendir (ekim makinesiyle yap\u0131lan ekime k\u0131yasla 60 ila 801 TP5T potansiyel verim, 901 TP5T+ verim) ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde toprak y\u00fczeyi ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve ilkbahar nemine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Risk, ekimden sonra toprak y\u00fczeyi yeterli donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mezse, tohum-toprak temas\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Donma ekimi, tam bir ekim maliyetinin hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, mevcut seyrek ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yenilenmesi i\u00e7in en uygundur; yeni bir tarlan\u0131n ilk ekimi i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir. Yenileme i\u00e7in donma ekimi kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, ekim oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda (20 ila 25 lb\/acre serpme) uygulay\u0131n ve yenilemenin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in Haziran ay\u0131nda bir bitki say\u0131m\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi planlay\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
\n\u0130yi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir yonca tarlas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7 y\u0131l verim beklemeliyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
B\u00f6lgenize uygun \u00e7e\u015fit se\u00e7imiyle ve pH'\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlanm\u0131\u015f toprakta iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f bir yonca tarlas\u0131, Orta Bat\u0131 ve Kuzeydo\u011fu ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda 5 ila 7 y\u0131l, Bat\u0131'da ise sulama alt\u0131nda 7 ila 12 y\u0131l boyunca ekonomik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir verim sa\u011flayabilir. Tarlan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc esas olarak \u015funlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r: tekrarlanan erken bi\u00e7imden kaynaklanan k\u00f6k \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi (\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen eski k\u00f6k materyalinden kaynaklanan ototoksik bile\u015fikler), k\u0131\u015f \u015fiddeti b\u00f6lgenize uygun olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitlerde k\u0131\u015f hasar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek bi\u00e7im s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda trafik hasar\u0131. Yonca ototoksikli\u011fi \u2013 yerle\u015fik yonca k\u00f6k dokusundan sal\u0131nan kimyasallar taraf\u0131ndan yeni yonca fidelerinin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u2013 ince yerle\u015fik tarlalara ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden ekimi engeller ve ayn\u0131 zemine yeniden ekimden \u00f6nce tarlan\u0131n tamamen sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tarla rotasyonu gerektirir. Tarla yo\u011funlu\u011fu 3 g\u00f6vde\/ft\u00b2'nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, tarla rotasyonunu buna g\u00f6re planlay\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

Yonca yeti\u015ftirme program\u0131n\u0131za uygun \u00e7im bi\u00e7me ekipman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/h2>\n
\n

Yonca Program\u0131 Ekipmanlar\u0131 \u2014 Kaliforniya Deposu<\/p>\n

Yonca pazar\u0131n\u0131za ve tarla b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcze uygun bi\u00e7me makinesi, t\u0131rm\u0131k ve yuvarlak balya makinesi.<\/h3>\n

Ekibimiz, i\u015fe ba\u015flama y\u0131l\u0131na ait bi\u00e7me y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 onaylar, ilk bi\u00e7im ekipman\u0131 i\u00e7in bi\u00e7me makinesi modelleri \u00f6nerir ve hedefledi\u011finiz RFV derecesine uygun komple bi\u00e7me-t\u0131rm\u0131klama-balyalama sistemini belirler. Do\u011frudan fabrika fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131, Kaliforniya deposu, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn par\u00e7a teslimat\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

Ekipman \u00d6nerisi Al\u0131n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Agronomic Guide Alfalfa Stand Establishment: Seeding Rates, Weed Control, and the First-Cut Decision Alfalfa establishment is the investment that pays dividends for 5 to 8 years. Get the seeding window, depth, and first-cut timing right \u2014 or spend the next 3 cuttings recovering from thin stands, weed pressure, and premature harvest. Get an Equipment Recommendation […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forage-baler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=732"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":734,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions\/734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foragebaler.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}